Class 12 Political Science - HARYANA
Rise of Popular Movements
The chapter 'Rise of Popular Movements' in Class 12 Political Science explores how democratic politics in India is shaped not just by elections and political parties, but also by active citizen participation through social movements. It covers major struggles in post-independence India, such as the Chipko Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Dalit Panthers, Bharatiya Kisan Union, and the Right to Information (RTI) movement. For BSEH board exams, this chapter is crucial as it tests students' understanding of grassroots democracy, environmental concerns, and the rights of marginalized communities against developmental displacement.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Chipko Movement
A forest conservation movement in the 1970s in Uttarakhand where villagers, especially women, hugged trees to prevent them from being felled by commercial contractors.
Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)
A social movement led by local tribals, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam project on the Narmada River, focusing on displacement and environmental impact.
Dalit Panthers
A militant militant organization of Dalit writers and youths formed in Maharashtra in 1972 to fight against caste-based discrimination and oppression through assertive cultural and political expression.
Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU)
An organization of farmers from western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana that emerged in the late 1980s to demand higher sugarcane prices, subsidized electricity, and waiver of agricultural loans.
Right to Information (RTI) Act
A landmark legislation enacted in 2005, originating from a grassroots campaign by the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS), empowering citizens to demand government accountability and transparency.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 12 Political Science exam, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark objective/multiple-choice questions, 2-mark short answer questions, and sometimes a 5-mark long answer question asking to explain any major popular movement or its causes and impacts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are popular movements called 'alternative politics'?
They are called alternative politics because they go beyond regular electoral politics and political parties to address specific socio-economic and environmental grievances directly through public mobilization.
What was the main demand of the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU)?
The BKU demanded higher government-assured prices (MSP) for sugarcane and wheat, abolition of restrictions on interstate movement of farm produce, guaranteed power supply at subsidized rates, and waiver of government loans.
How did the RTI movement start?
The RTI movement started as a grassroots campaign in Rajasthan by the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS), demanding official information on development works and wage payments to fight local corruption.
Learn Rise of Popular Movements with Your AI Tutor
10 different ways to study this chapter. Free for 3 chapters per day.
Lecture
Key Points
Interactive
Quiz
Flashcards