Class 12 Political Science - HARYANA
Contemporary South Asia
The chapter 'Contemporary South Asia' explores the political dynamics, conflicts, and cooperation among nations in the South Asian region, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan. It highlights how these countries transitioned from colonial rule to diverse political systems, marked by the frequent interplay of democracy and military rule, especially in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The chapter also examines ethnic conflicts, civil wars, and the vital role of SAARC in fostering regional economic cooperation. For Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 12 exams, this chapter is crucial for understanding India's strategic foreign policy and geopolitical relations in the neighbourhood.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
A regional geopolitical organization established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress, cultural development, and regional stability among South Asian nations.
Democracy in Pakistan
Pakistan's political history has been unstable, characterized by frequent transitions between elected civilian governments and military regimes, often led by generals like Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf.
Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka
A prolonged civil war between the majority Sinhala community and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), who demanded a separate Tamil state until the LTTE's defeat in 2009.
India-Pakistan Conflicts
Historical disputes primarily rooted in the partition of 1947, leading to major wars over Kashmir, water sharing issues, and cross-border terrorism, alongside peace initiatives.
Seven Party Alliance (SPA)
A coalition of political parties in Nepal that led a massive pro-democracy movement in 2006, successfully forcing the King to restore the parliament and limit his powers.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 12 Political Science exam, this chapter typically carries around 6-8 marks. Questions often include 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark short answers about regional organizations, and 4 to 6-mark long-answer questions focusing on India's relations with its neighbours or the nature of democracy in South Asia.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the full form of SAARC and when was it established?
SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. It was established on December 8, 1985, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Why is democracy not fully stable in Pakistan?
Democracy in Pakistan has faced instability due to the dominance of the military, clergy, and landowning elites, leading to frequent military coups and overthrow of elected governments.
What was the main objective of signing SAFTA?
The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement was signed to lower trade tariffs and promote free trade and economic cooperation among all South Asian member states.
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