CBSE Class 12 Economics — 25 Most Expected Questions 2027

In short: Nobody outside CBSE knows the exact 2027 Economics questions, so this list ranks 25 question types by evidence: the 2026-27 paper design (34 questions, 80 marks, Part A and Part B at 40 each), what teachers reported about the March 18, 2026 paper, and the units that carry the most marks. Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy carries 20 marks and Determination of Income and Employment 12, so they get the most questions here. Each entry shows marks, the answer format and how strong the evidence is. Use it as a practice priority list, not a leak.

Last updated: October 28, 2026. The 2027 date sheet is not out yet. The paper design below is the 2026-27 design.

CBSE Class 12 Economics 2027 — Quick Reference

Source: PW Live marking scheme page for the design and word limits. The 2026 paper had the same split of 20 MCQs, four 3-mark, six 4-mark and four 6-mark questions, as reported by Times of India. Dates and timing come from NDTV.

Unit Marks

These match the figures in our Economics weightage guide.

What the 2026 Paper Showed

Where reports disagree

I could not read the official CBSE marking scheme PDF, so I cannot settle either point. Prepare numericals and diagrams anyway. Both cost you marks if you skip them, and the 2027 design may lean more competency-based than the 2026 paper did.

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics (40 Marks)

National Income (10 marks)

Answer format

• Q1: write the formula first, then substitute. PW's account of the marking scheme says a correct formula earns partial credit even if the arithmetic goes wrong. Illustrative example: consumption 500, government spending 150, gross domestic capital formation 200, exports 60, imports 80 gives GDP at market price of 830. With net factor income from abroad of minus 10, GNP at market price is 820. Subtract depreciation 40 and net indirect taxes 60 to get NNP at factor cost of 720.
• Q2: real GDP is nominal GDP adjusted for price change. For welfare, name three limits: distribution of income, non-monetary activity, and externalities.
• Q3: second-hand goods and shares are excluded, but the commission on a second-hand sale is included. Intermediate goods are excluded to avoid double counting. A farmer's produce kept for his own use is included.

Money and Banking (6 marks)

Answer format

• Q4: money multiplier is the reciprocal of the legal reserve ratio. Illustrative example: with a 20% reserve ratio the multiplier is 5, so an initial deposit of Rs 1,000 can support total deposits of Rs 5,000.
• Q5: separate quantitative tools (repo, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, open market operations) from qualitative tools (margin requirements, moral suasion). Say whether each tool raises or lowers money supply.

Determination of Income and Employment (12 marks)

Answer format

• Q6: K = 1 / (1 minus MPC). Illustrative example: investment rises by Rs 500 crore and MPC is 0.8. K is 5, so income rises by Rs 2,500 crore.
• Q7: set Y = C + I. Illustrative example: C = 100 + 0.75Y and I = 200 gives 0.25Y = 300, so Y = 1,200. Consumption is 1,000 and savings are 200, which equals investment.
• Q8: draw AD and AS with labelled axes. PW's account of the scheme says missing axis labels can cost 0.5 to 1 mark. For excess demand, name monetary measures (higher repo rate, CRR, SLR, open market sales) and fiscal measures (lower government spending, higher taxes). For deficient demand, reverse them.
• Q9: APC plus APS equals 1, and MPC plus MPS equals 1.

Government Budget (6 marks)

Answer format

• Q10: fiscal deficit is total expenditure minus total receipts excluding borrowings. Primary deficit is fiscal deficit minus interest payments. Illustrative example: expenditure 5,000, receipts excluding borrowings 4,200 and interest 300 give fiscal deficit 800 and primary deficit 500.
• Q11: a revenue receipt neither creates a liability nor reduces an asset. Recovery of a loan reduces an asset, so it is a capital receipt. A subsidy is revenue expenditure. Building a road is capital expenditure because it creates an asset.

Balance of Payments (6 marks)

Answer format

• Q13: current account covers trade in goods and services and transfers. Capital account covers loans and investments. Autonomous items are undertaken for profit or other motives. Accommodating items are undertaken to settle a gap.
• Q14: put the quantity of foreign exchange on the X axis and the exchange rate on the Y axis. Draw a downward demand curve and an upward supply curve. Mark the equilibrium rate and show a shift with an arrow.
• Q15: devaluation is an official decision under a fixed system. Depreciation is a market-driven fall under a flexible system.

Case study, Part A

PW's account of the scheme says defending or refuting a statement carries 1 mark, and the economic argument carries the rest. State your stance in the first line, then give the reasoning.

Part B: Indian Economic Development (40 Marks)

Development Experience and Reforms (12 marks)

Answer format

• Q17: give causes first (a balance of payments problem, high fiscal deficit, inflation), then the three reform strands, then one effect per strand.
• Q18: name each policy, its aim and one limitation. Examiners reward a balanced view.

Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy (20 marks)

Answer format

• Q19: list sources such as education, health, on-the-job training, migration and information. Then say physical capital is a stock of machines while human capital sits in people.
• Q20: institutional sources include cooperatives, commercial banks and regional rural banks. Non-institutional sources include moneylenders. Add one problem with each.
• Q21: types of unemployment to define are seasonal, disguised and open. Give one example of each.
• Q22: define sustainable development as meeting present needs without harming the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Then give three strategies, such as non-conventional energy, bio-composting and mixed cropping.

Comparison with Neighbours (8 marks)

Read the table in the question before you write. Compare each indicator across all three countries in a sentence or a small table of your own.

Assertion-reason across the paper

Illustrative example. Assertion: a cut in the repo rate can increase the money supply. Reason: a lower repo rate makes borrowing from the RBI cheaper for banks. Both are true and the reason explains the assertion, so option A applies. Before you answer, test the assertion and the reason separately, then ask whether the reason explains the assertion.

4-Week Practice Plan

The split is a suggestion, not an official schedule. If you are following our Commerce last 100 days plan, use these questions as the Economics quota from Phase 2.

Paper-Day Time Plan

These timings are illustrative. CBSE does not publish a per-section time split.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are these the exact questions in the 2027 Economics board exam?

No. Nobody outside CBSE knows the 2027 questions. This list ranks question types by evidence from the paper design, what teachers reported about the 2026 paper, and the unit marks. Any page or channel that promises the actual paper is a scam.

What is the paper design for CBSE Class 12 Economics 2027?

The 2026-27 design has 34 compulsory questions for 80 marks in 3 hours. There are 20 one-mark MCQs, four 3-mark, six 4-mark and four 6-mark questions. Part A and Part B carry 40 marks each. Per PW, there is no negative marking.

Which Economics unit carries the most marks?

Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy carries 20 of 80 marks. Determination of Income and Employment and the Development Experience and Reforms unit carry 12 each. National Income carries 10.

Was the 2026 Economics paper difficult?

Teachers quoted by Times Now and NDTV called it moderate, balanced and mostly based on NCERT. The slower parts were case studies, which needed careful reading, and a few tricky MCQs. One educator counted seven assertion-reason questions, more than usual.

Do I need to practise diagrams for Economics?

Yes. PW's account of the marking scheme says diagrams on aggregate demand and supply, exchange rate determination and short-run equilibrium need labelled axes, and missing labels can cost 0.5 to 1 mark. One 2026 report also said graph-based questions were absent, so treat diagrams as a safeguard, not a certainty. Our Economics diagrams list covers each one.

How should I write a case-study answer?

Read the passage twice, then state your position first. PW's summary says stating whether you defend or refute a statement carries 1 mark, and the economic reasoning carries the rest. Use terms from the chapter and keep to the 100 to 150 word limit for 6-mark answers.

Related Guides

• CBSE Class 12 Economics Chapter-Wise Weightage 2027
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Scoring Guide 2027
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Diagrams and Graphs: Complete List
• Class 12 Economics Diagrams: Micro and Macro Must-Draw
• CBSE Class 12 Commerce Last 100 Days Plan 2027
• CBSE Class 12 Accountancy — 25 Most Expected Questions 2027

Sources

• PW Live: CBSE Class 12 Economics marking scheme 2026-27
• Times Now: Class 12 Economics 2026 paper analysis
• NDTV: Complete analysis of Class 12 Economics paper 2026
• Times of India: Class 12 Economics exam analysis 2026

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