Class 9 Social Science - BIHAR
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' in Class 9 Social Science explores how the government of India functions to run the country. It explains the roles and responsibilities of the three major political institutions: the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary. Students will learn how decisions are made, implemented, and disputes are resolved in a democracy. It covers the importance of the Parliament, the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and the President, as well as the significance of an independent judiciary. This chapter is vital for Bihar (BSEB) board exams as it builds the foundational understanding of the Indian political system required for higher classes.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Legislature
The law-making body of the government, known as the Parliament in India, which consists of the President and two Houses: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Executive
The body of persons responsible for the implementation of laws and running the administration, comprising political leaders (ministers) and permanent civil servants.
Judiciary
An independent system of courts that interprets laws, settles disputes, and protects the fundamental rights of citizens, with the Supreme Court at the apex.
Office Memorandum
A communication issued by an appropriate authority in the government detailing a policy decision, such as the famous order regarding job reservations for socially and educationally backward classes.
Coalition Government
A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties when no single party secures a clear majority in the legislature.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In Bihar (BSEB) Class 9 Social Science examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include short-answer questions about the functions of Parliament or the Judiciary, and objective multiple-choice questions regarding the executive powers of the Prime Minister and President.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between political executive and permanent executive?
Political executives are elected by the people for a fixed term (like ministers) and take major policy decisions, whereas permanent executives are civil servants appointed on a long-term basis who assist in day-to-day administration.
Why do we need political institutions?
Institutions are needed to ensure that decisions are taken in a proper procedure, consultations take place, checks and balances are maintained, and power is not concentrated in one single hand.
Who has more power in India: the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha has more power in financial matters and ordinary laws in case of a joint sitting, though the Rajya Sabha has special powers regarding matters of state.
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