Class 12 Political Science - ODISHA
Politics of Planned Development
The chapter 'Politics of Planned Development' explores India's journey after independence in choosing a model for economic growth. It covers the crucial debate between the socialist-inspired state-led model (exemplified by the Five Year Plans and the First Plan) and the capitalist or free-market approach. Students will learn about the establishment of the Planning Commission, the controversy over agriculture versus industry, the green revolution, and the foundation of key institutions like the Bhakra Nangal Dam and public sector undertakings. This chapter is vital for board exams as it forms the bedrock of India's post-independence political economy.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Bombay Plan
A joint proposal by a section of big industrialists in 1944 for a planned economy, suggesting that the state should take major initiatives in industrial and economic investment.
Planning Commission
A body set up by the Government of India in March 1950 to formulate India's Five Year Plans for social and economic development.
First Five Year Plan
Launched in 1951, it focused heavily on agrarian development, irrigation, and dams like the Bhakra Nangal to pull the country out of the agrarian crisis.
Second Five Year Plan
Drafted in 1956 under P.C. Mahalanobis, this plan shifted focus toward rapid industrialization and heavy industries.
Green Revolution
A strategy adopted in the late 1960s providing high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation to make India self-sufficient in food grain production.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Odisha (BSE) Class 12 Political Science board examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions frequently include very short answer questions (1 mark), short notes (2-3 marks), and long-answer descriptive questions (7 marks) regarding the debates between agriculture and industry or the outcomes of the Five Year Plans.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the main difference between the First and Second Five Year Plans?
The First Plan (1951) focused primarily on agriculture, dams, and rural development, while the Second Plan (1956) prioritized rapid industrialization and heavy industries.
Why was the Planning Commission replaced by NITI Aayog?
The Planning Commission was seen as centralized and outdated for a modernizing economy; NITI Aayog was created to foster cooperative federalism and involve states actively in policy-making.
What were the major criticisms of India's early planned development model?
Critics argued it neglected agriculture (especially during the Second Plan), created a bloated public sector with inefficiencies, and failed to adequately eradicate poverty in rural areas.
Learn Politics of Planned Development with Your AI Tutor
10 different ways to study this chapter. Free for 3 chapters per day.
Lecture
Key Points
Interactive
Quiz
Flashcards