Class 12 Political Science - ODISHA
Security in the Contemporary World
The chapter 'Security in the Contemporary World' explores the meaning of security beyond the traditional military context. It examines traditional notions of security, focusing on external and internal threats like war and balance of power, as well as non-traditional or human security concerns including poverty, disease, terrorism, and global climate change. Designed for Class 12 Odisha (BSE) Political Science students, this chapter is crucial for understanding how global risks transcend national borders and require cooperative international responses. Mastering this chapter helps students score well in both objective and long-answer board questions by linking theoretical concepts to real-world global issues.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Traditional Notion of Security
Focuses on threats to national security originating outside the borders of a country, where the primary danger is military threat and the main response is deterrence, defense, and alliance building.
Non-Traditional Notion of Security
Broadens the agenda of security to include threats affecting human existence beyond military conflicts, such as pandemics, poverty, human rights violations, and environmental degradation.
Cooperative Security
An approach to security that relies on international cooperation, mutual trust, and collective action among nations to deal with global threats like terrorism and global warming.
Balance of Power
A traditional security strategy where states build up their military power or form alliances to match or counter the power of a potentially dominant rival nation.
Human Security
The protection of people from critical and life-threatening dangers, emphasizing 'freedom from want' and 'freedom from fear' rather than just protecting territorial integrity.
Global Poverty and Pandemics
Non-traditional security threats that cause massive loss of life and destabilize societies globally, requiring concerted global health and economic aid initiatives.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Odisha (BSE) Class 12 Political Science board exams, this chapter typically carries around 6-8 marks. Questions usually include multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short-answer questions (2-3 marks) differentiating between traditional and non-traditional security, and long-answer questions (5 marks) explaining cooperative security and global threats.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security?
Traditional security deals with military threats to a nation's borders and sovereignty, while non-traditional security focuses on wider threats to human survival like poverty, diseases, terrorism, and environmental disasters.
Why is international cooperation necessary for non-traditional security?
Non-traditional threats like global warming, pandemics, and international terrorism do not respect national boundaries and cannot be solved by a single country alone, requiring global cooperation.
What is meant by 'freedom from fear' and 'freedom from want'?
These are core components of human security; 'freedom from fear' refers to protection from violence and war, while 'freedom from want' refers to protection from extreme poverty, hunger, and disease.
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