Class 12 Political Science - KERALA
Politics of Planned Development
The chapter 'Politics of Planned Development' explores India's journey after independence in choosing a path of economic development. It examines the debate between the socialist model of state-led planning and the capitalist free-market approach. Students will learn about the establishment of the Planning Commission, the Five-Year Plans, the crucial First and Second Five-Year Plans, and the controversial shift towards agriculture versus heavy industrialization. For Kerala (SCERT) board exams, this chapter is crucial as it forms the foundational understanding of India's mixed economy, the Green Revolution, and how economic policies shaped Indian democracy and federalism over the decades.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Planning Commission
A body set up by the Government of India in March 1950 to draft and execute the country's Five-Year Plans for economic development.
Bombay Plan
A joint proposal by a section of big industrialists in 1944 for a ₹10,000 crore plan to be executed by the state to double agricultural and industrial output.
First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)
Focused heavily on agrarian development, irrigation, and land reforms to pull the rural economy out of poverty, famously associated with K.N. Raj.
Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)
Shifted focus towards rapid industrialization, heavy industries, and the Mahalanobis model, advocating socialist patterns of society.
Green Revolution
The agricultural strategy introduced in the late 1960s using high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation to achieve food self-sufficiency.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Kerala (SCERT) Class 12 Political Science Board Examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions often include short answers about the First and Second Five-Year Plans, essay questions comparing agricultural vs industrial strategies, and direct questions on the Green Revolution and NITI Aayog.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the main difference between the First and Second Five-Year Plans?
The First Plan focused primarily on agriculture, dams, and rural development, whereas the Second Plan shifted focus to heavy industries and rapid industrialization.
Why was the Planning Commission replaced?
It was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015 to adopt a more decentralized, bottom-up approach and foster cooperative federalism among states.
What were the positive and negative impacts of the Green Revolution?
Positively, it made India self-sufficient in food grains. Negatively, it widened the gap between rich and poor farmers and remained restricted to certain regions like Punjab and Haryana.
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