Class 11 Political Science - HARYANA
Constitution as a Living Document
The chapter Constitution as a Living Document in Class 11 Political Science explores how the Indian Constitution adapts to changing times through amendments, judicial interpretations, and political practices. For Haryana (BSEH) board exams, this chapter is crucial as it explains the philosophy behind amending the Constitution under Article 368, the different procedures for amendments, and major controversies surrounding constitutional changes. Students learn why the Constitution is not a static document but a dynamic framework that evolves with society, safeguarding democracy and fundamental rights while responding to the needs of a growing nation.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Living Document
A Constitution that is not static, but rather flexible enough to adapt, grow, and respond to the changing needs of society over time.
Article 368
The specific article in the Indian Constitution that outlines the power and procedure for Parliament to amend the Constitution.
Special Majority
A voting requirement for constitutional amendments where a bill must be passed by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, and a absolute majority of the total membership.
Basic Structure Doctrine
A landmark judicial principle established in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) stating that Parliament cannot amend the core identity or basic features of the Constitution.
Judicial Review
The power of the courts to examine the constitutional validity of laws passed by Parliament and actions taken by the executive branch.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In Haryana (BSEH) Class 11 Political Science board exams, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions often include very short answer questions (1 mark), short notes on Article 368 or Basic Structure Doctrine (3 marks), and essay-type questions explaining why the Indian Constitution is called a living document or detailing the amendment procedures (5 marks).
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the Indian Constitution called a living document?
It is called a living document because, like a living organism, it responds to changing times, societal needs, and judicial interpretations through amendments without losing its core identity.
What is the Basic Structure Doctrine and who propounded it?
The Basic Structure Doctrine states that Parliament cannot alter the fundamental features of the Constitution. It was propounded by the Supreme Court in the historic Kesavananda Bharati case in 1973.
What are the different types of majorities required to amend the Indian Constitution?
Constitutional amendments require either a Special Majority in Parliament, or a Special Majority combined with ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
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