Class 11 Political Science - CBSE
Constitution as a Living Document
The chapter 'Constitution as a Living Document' explores how the Indian Constitution is not a static text, but a dynamic document that adapts to changing times. It covers the procedure of amendments under Article 368, the philosophy behind flexibility versus rigidity, and landmark amendments like the 42nd and 44th. Students learn why our Constitution has survived over seven decades through judicial review and parliamentary revisions. For CBSE board exams, this chapter is crucial as it tests conceptual understanding of constitutional flexibility, the basic structure doctrine, and practical applications in Indian democracy.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Living Document
A constitution that is responsive to changing needs, times, and aspirations of the society, much like a living organism.
Article 368
The specific article in the Indian Constitution that outlines the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and the procedures for doing so.
Basic Structure Doctrine
A judicial innovation established in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) stating that Parliament cannot amend the core fundamental features of the Constitution.
Special Majority
A voting requirement for constitutional amendments where a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, plus a majority of the total house strength, is needed.
Judicial Review
The power of the judiciary to examine laws and constitutional amendments to ensure they do not violate the basic structure or fundamental rights.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In CBSE Class 11 Political Science exams, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Common question types include 1-mark MCQs on amendment procedures, 2-mark short questions on types of majorities, and 4-6 mark long questions analyzing the Basic Structure Doctrine or the philosophy of a living constitution.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the Indian Constitution called a living document?
It is called a living document because it can be amended to suit the changing needs and aspirations of society, while retaining its core democratic values.
What is the Basic Structure Doctrine and how was it formed?
The Basic Structure Doctrine was established by the Supreme Court in the 1973 Kesavananda Bharati case. It states that while Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution, it cannot alter its core fundamental features.
What are the different ways to amend the Indian Constitution?
Amendments can be done through a simple majority of Parliament, a special majority of Parliament, or a special majority combined with ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
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