Class 9 Social Science - HARYANA
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' in Class 9 Social Science explores how the government of India functions to run the country. It explains the roles and responsibilities of the three major political institutions: the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and bureaucracy), and the Judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts). Students will learn how major policy decisions are made, implemented, and disputed. For Haryana Board (BSEH) exams, this chapter is crucial as it forms the foundation of Indian democracy and civic awareness, frequently appearing in both objective and long-answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Parliament
The supreme law-making body of India, consisting of the President and two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Political Executive
Leaders elected by the people for a specific period, such as the Prime Minister and ministers, who take big policy decisions and bear final responsibility for the government's actions.
Permanent Executive
Civil servants appointed on a long-term basis who remain in office even when governments change, responsible for day-to-day administration and implementing policies.
Judiciary
An independent body of courts including the Supreme Court, High Courts, and district courts that resolves disputes and interprets the Constitution.
Coalition Government
A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties when no single party gets a clear majority in the elections.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 9 Political Science examinations, this chapter typically carries around 5 to 7 marks. Common question types include 1-mark multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions about the powers of the Prime Minister or President, and long-answer questions detailing the need for political institutions or the independence of the judiciary.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do we need political institutions?
Political institutions are needed to ensure smooth governance, take major policy decisions, implement laws, and resolve disputes fairly so that the country runs according to constitutional rules.
What is the difference between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha is the directly elected lower house with more financial powers, while the Rajya Sabha represents the states and acts as the upper house reviewing legislation.
Who is more powerful in India: the Political Executive or the Permanent Executive?
The Political Executive (ministers) is more powerful in a democracy because they are directly elected by the people and accountable to them, whereas civil servants work under their supervision.
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