Class 11 Psychology - CBSE
Human Memory
The Chapter 'Human Memory' in CBSE Class 11 Psychology explores how the human mind encodes, stores, and retrieves information. It delves into the Information Processing Approach, detailing the three stages of memory: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM). Students will also learn about the types of long-term memory, the levels of processing, and various causes of forgetting, such as interference and decay. This chapter is highly significant for board exams as it tests both conceptual understanding and real-life application, frequently featuring short-answer questions and case-based scenarios.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Encoding
The first stage of memory where incoming information is received and translated into a usable neural format that the brain can recognize and store.
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model (Stage Model)
A structural model of memory proposing three distinct memory stores: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM).
Levels of Processing
Craik and Lockhart's theory stating that the depth at which we analyze information during encoding (structural, phonemic, or semantic) determines how well we remember it.
Declarative vs. Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative memory stores factual information and experiences, while non-declarative (procedural) memory stores motor skills and habits like riding a bike.
Trace Decay and Interference
Decay is the fading of memory traces over time due to disuse, whereas interference occurs when memories compete with each other (proactive and retroactive).
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the CBSE Class 11 Psychology examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions often include 1-mark multiple-choice questions, 2-mark definitions (e.g., flashbulb memory, maintenance rehearsal), 3-mark distinctions (e.g., STM vs. LTM, proactive vs. retroactive interference), and 4-6 mark application-based questions on memory models or improving memory.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal?
Maintenance rehearsal involves simply repeating information to keep it in STM temporarily, while elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge in LTM for deeper, permanent storage.
Why do we forget things according to psychology?
Forgetting occurs primarily due to trace decay over time, interference between competing memories, retrieval failure (lack of proper cues), or motivated forgetting (repression of distressing events).
How can students improve their memory for exams?
Memory can be improved using mnemonic devices (like acronyms or visualization), chunking information, practicing elaborative rehearsal, minimizing interference, and ensuring adequate sleep and rest.
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