Class 11 Psychology - CBSE
Learning
The Chapter 'Learning' in Class 11 Psychology explores how experience and practice cause relatively permanent changes in our behavior. It covers major psychological theories including Classical Conditioning (Pavlov), Operant Conditioning (Skinner), and Observational Learning (Bandura). You will also learn about cognitive processes in learning like insight and latent learning, as well as factors affecting learning and transfer of learning. For CBSE board exams, this chapter is crucial as it forms the foundation for understanding human behavior, habit formation, and educational psychology, frequently featuring application-based and case study questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from experience or practice.
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning discovered by Ivan Pavlov where an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
Operant/Instrumental Conditioning
Learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment, popularized by B.F. Skinner.
Observational Learning
Learning by observing the behavior of others (models), a concept emphasized by Albert Bandura involving attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
Transfer of Learning
The influence of prior learning on the learning of a new task, which can be positive, negative, or zero.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the CBSE Class 11 Psychology examination, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Common question types include short answer questions differentiating between classical and operant conditioning, case studies based on reinforcement schedules, and long-answer questions explaining Bandura's social learning theory or factors affecting learning.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and punishment?
Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior repeating. Punishment (positive or negative) is aimed at decreasing or stopping a behavior.
How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
In classical conditioning, the learner is passive and learns through association of two stimuli. In operant conditioning, the learner is active and learns through the consequences of their own actions.
What is meant by 'transfer of learning' with examples?
Transfer of learning means how past learning affects new learning. For example, knowing how to ride a bicycle helps positively in learning to ride a motorcycle (positive transfer).
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