Class 11 Political Science - MAHARASHTRA
Executive
The chapter 'Executive' in Class 11 Political Science under the Maharashtra State Board (MSBSHSE) explores the second and vital branch of government responsible for implementing laws and administering the state. Students will study the structure and functions of both political and permanent executives at the union and state levels. The chapter details the powers of the President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and the bureaucratic machinery in India. Understanding this chapter is crucial for board exams as it forms the foundation of Indian constitutional governance and frequently features in analytical and descriptive questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Political Executive
The elected representatives, such as the Prime Minister and ministers, who hold office for a fixed term and make major policy decisions.
Permanent Executive
The civil servants and bureaucrats who are professionally qualified and run the day-to-day administration regardless of changes in government.
Nominal vs. Real Executive
The President is the nominal (constitutional) head of state, while the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers form the real executive exercising actual power.
Collective Responsibility
A core parliamentary principle where the entire Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha for all acts and policies of the government.
Ordinance Making Power
The constitutional power of the President (Article 123) and Governor (Article 213) to promulgate laws when the legislature is not in session.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Maharashtra (MSBSHSE) Class 11 Political Science paper, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions range from objective types (fill in the blanks, match the following) to short notes, distinctions between political and permanent executives, and descriptive questions on the powers of the President and Prime Minister.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between political and permanent executives?
Political executives are temporary and elected by the people (ministers), while permanent executives are appointed through competitive exams and serve till retirement (civil servants).
Why is the President called a nominal executive?
Although all executive actions are taken in the President's name, they must act on the aid and advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, holding mostly ceremonial powers.
What is the importance of collective responsibility?
It ensures that the government acts as a unified team; if a vote of no confidence is passed against one minister, the entire cabinet must resign.
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