Class 10 Social Science - PUNJAB
History: The Age of Industrialisation
The chapter 'History: The Age of Industrialisation' for Class 10 Punjab (PSEB) explores how industries developed globally and locally before and after the factory system. It highlights the dominance of Indian textiles in world markets, the advent of machine-made goods from Britain, and the struggles of Indian weavers. The chapter also details the rise of factory industries in India like cotton and jute, and the impact of industrialisation on workers and urbanization. Understanding this chapter is crucial for board exams as it connects the global economic shifts with India's colonial history and nationalist awakening.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Proto-Industrialisation
A phase of industrialisation before factories existed, where large-scale industrial production for an international market was based in the countryside and controlled by merchants.
Gomasthas
Paid servants appointed by the British East India Company to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth in India.
Spinning Jenny
A machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 that sped up the spinning process and reduced labor demand, causing anger among traditional handloom workers.
Trade Guilds
Associations of producers that trained craftspeople, maintained control over production, regulated prices and competition, and restricted the entry of new people into the trade.
Jobbers
Trusted workers employed by industrialists in India to get new recruits from their home villages, ensure their employment, and often extract money or favors in return.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Punjab (PSEB) Class 10 Social Science board examination, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include short-answer type questions about terms like 'proto-industrialisation' or 'gomasthas', and long-answer questions explaining why handloom survived alongside machine industries or the impact of British colonial rule on Indian weavers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did industrial production in Britain increase in the late 18th century?
It increased due to the expansion of trade, the colonization of new regions, and crucial technological inventions like the steam engine and the cotton mill that made production faster and cheaper.
Why did some industrialists in Victorian Britain prefer manual labor over machines?
Machines were expensive, prone to breakdown, and required repair. Industrialists preferred manual labor because there was an abundance of cheap seasonal labor available without high capital investment.
How did the British East India Company assert control over Indian weavers?
The Company eliminated competing traders, secured a monopoly on trade, and used paid agents called gomasthas to directly control weavers, often forcing them to sign bonds and accept advances.
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