Class 10 Social Science - HARYANA
History: The Age of Industrialisation
The chapter 'The Age of Industrialisation' in Class 10 Social Science explores the global history of industrial growth before and after the factory system. For Haryana Board (BSEH) students, it covers proto-industrialisation, the dominance of Indian textiles, the coming up of factories in Britain and India, the role of Indian entrepreneurs, and the peculiar characteristics of industrial change during the colonial period. Understanding this chapter is crucial for board exams as it highlights how modern industrial society was shaped, frequently fetching both objective and long-answer questions about the decline of Indian handicrafts and the rise of factories.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Proto-Industrialisation
A phase of industrialisation before the factory system, characterized by mass production for international market driven by merchants and based in the countryside.
Carding
The process in which fibers, such as cotton or wool, are prepared prior to spinning.
Fly Shuttle
A mechanical device used for weaving, operated by means of ropes and pullies, which speeded up the weaving process and increased the demand for yarn.
Gomasthas
Paid servants appointed by the British East India Company to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.
Jobber
A trusted old worker employed by industrialists to get new recruits from his village, ensure their employment, and often extract money or favors in return.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 10 Social Science exam, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions often include 1-mark objective/MCQ questions, a 3-mark short answer question on the decline of Indian handlooms or the role of Gomasthas, and sometimes a map or source-based question.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Victorian industrialists prefer hand labour over machines in Britain?
Victorian industrialists did not want to invest heavily in new machines because labour was cheap and seasonally available, especially in industries like bookbinding and gasworks where production depended on seasonal demand.
How did the East India Company assert monopoly control over Indian weavers?
The Company eliminated competition, prevented weavers from dealing with other buyers by using Gomasthas, and advanced loans to buy raw materials, trapping weavers in a cycle of debt.
Why were Indian goods marginalized in international markets during colonial rule?
British cotton industries flooded Indian markets with cheap machine-made goods, and high import duties were imposed on Indian cotton textiles entering Britain.
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