Class 10 Social Science - HARYANA
History: Nationalism in India
The chapter 'Nationalism in India' explores the growth of anti-colonial national consciousness in the 20th century. It highlights how the First World War, the Khilafat movement, and Mahatma Gandhi's arrival shaped the freedom struggle. Students learn about major mass movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience, the role of different social groups, and how symbols and folklore united the nation. For Haryana (BSEH) board exams, this chapter is crucial as it frequently features long-answer questions, map-work items related to Indian National Congress sessions, and important historical dates.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Rowlatt Act
A repressive act passed in 1919 giving the government enormous powers to repress political activities and detain political prisoners without trial for two years.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
A tragic event on April 13, 2019, where General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar, uniting Indians in outrage against British rule.
Non-Cooperation Movement
A mass movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 urging Indians to surrender government titles, boycott foreign goods, and refuse cooperation with the British.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Started with the Salt March in 1930, this movement involved breaking colonial laws and refusing to pay taxes as a step towards complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
Satyagraha
Gandhian method of mass agitation based on truth and non-violence, emphasizing that if the cause was true, physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana (BSEH) Class 10 Social Science board exam, 'Nationalism in India' typically carries around 5 to 7 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark objective questions, 3-mark short-answer questions, and 5-mark long-answer questions. Map work questions related to important historical places like Calcutta, Nagpur, Madras, Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, and Dandi are also frequently asked.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Gandhi withdrew the movement in February 1922 because it turned violent in some places, notably the Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur where a police station was set on fire.
What was the significance of the Lahore Congress Session of 1929?
Under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore session formalized the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' or complete independence for India and declared 26 January 1930 to be celebrated as Independence Day.
How did the First World War help in the growth of the national movement in India?
The war created a new economic and political situation by increasing defense expenditure, leading to war loans, high taxes, custom duties, price rises, and forced recruitment, which angered people and united them against British rule.
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