Class 10 Science - ODISHA
Metals and Non-metals
The chapter 'Metals and Non-metals' in Class 10 Science for BSE Odisha explores the physical and chemical properties of elements. Students learn how metals react with oxygen, water, acids, and other metal salt solutions through the reactivity series. The chapter also covers ionic bonding, the occurrence of metals, the extraction of ores via metallurgy, and the prevention of corrosion. This is a high-scoring chapter in the BSE Odisha board examinations, frequently featuring conceptual questions on chemical equations, balanced reactions, and practical applications like galvanization and alloy formation.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Physical Properties
Metals are generally solid, malleable, ductile, sonorous, and good conductors of heat and electricity, whereas non-metals lack these properties.
Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals react with oxygen to form basic oxides, with water to form oxides or hydroxides and hydrogen gas, and with dilute acids to produce salts and hydrogen gas.
Reactivity Series
An arrangement of metals in decreasing order of their reactivity, which helps predict displacement reactions where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one.
Ionic Compounds
Compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, resulting in high melting and boiling points and conductivity in molten or aqueous states.
Metallurgy and Corrosion
The extraction of metals from their ores involving concentration, reduction, and refining, alongside methods like painting, alloying, and galvanization to prevent corrosion.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the BSE Odisha Class 10 Science board examination, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include objective multiple-choice questions, short answer reasoning questions (such as why certain metals do not evolve hydrogen with nitric acid), balancing chemical equations, and long descriptive questions on the extraction of metals or the formation of ionic bonds.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds are formed by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, requiring a large amount of energy to break these ionic bonds.
What are amphoteric oxides? Give examples.
Metal oxides that react with both acids and bases to produce salt and water are called amphoteric oxides. Examples include Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and Zinc oxide (ZnO).
Why is sodium stored immersed in kerosene oil?
Sodium is an extremely reactive metal that catches fire spontaneously if exposed to moisture and oxygen in the air. Kerosene cuts off contact with air and moisture to prevent accidents.
Learn Metals and Non-metals with Your AI Tutor
10 different ways to study this chapter. Free for 3 chapters per day.
Lecture
Key Points
Interactive
Quiz
Flashcards