Class 10 Science - HARYANA
Acids, Bases and Salts
The Chapter 'Acids, Bases and Salts' in Class 10 Science explores the chemical properties of substances around us. Students learn how acids and bases react with metals, non-metallic oxides, and each other, culminating in neutralization reactions. The chapter covers the pH scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration, the preparation and uses of important chemical compounds like sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of Paris. This is a high-scoring physical chemistry chapter that regularly features in Haryana Board (BSEH) board exams through chemical equations and reasoning questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Indicators
Substances that change color in acidic or basic media to indicate the nature of the solution, such as litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein.
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids react with metals to release hydrogen gas and produce salts, whereas bases react with certain metals like zinc to also produce hydrogen gas.
Neutralization Reaction
The reaction between an acid and a base to give salt and water, which neutralizes the effect of each other.
pH Scale
A scale ranging from 0 to 14 used for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, where 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and more than 7 is basic.
Chlor-alkali Process
The electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) that produces sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, and hydrogen gas.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 10 Science exam, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include multiple-choice questions (MCQs), balanced chemical equations, reasoning questions based on pH changes in daily life, and the chemical names, formulas, and uses of salts like washing soda and plaster of Paris.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does a dry HCl gas not change the color of dry litmus paper?
Dry HCl gas does not dissociate to form hydrogen ions (H+) in the absence of water, and hydrogen ions are responsible for acidic behavior.
What happens when electricity is passed through brine?
It undergoes the chlor-alkali process, producing sodium hydroxide solution, chlorine gas at the anode, and hydrogen gas at the cathode.
Why is Plaster of Paris stored in moisture-proof containers?
Plaster of Paris absorbs moisture from the air to form gypsum (a hard solid mass), which makes it useless for further applications.
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