Class 10 Science - BIHAR
Metals and Non-metals
The Class 10 Science chapter 'Metals and Non-metals' explores the physical and chemical properties of elements, helping students understand why certain substances conduct electricity while others do not. You will learn about reactivity series, ionic and covalent bonding, the formation of ores, and the extraction of pure metals through metallurgy. For Bihar Board (BSEB) students, this is a high-scoring chapter that frequently features chemical equations, reasoning questions about corrosion, and the formation of ionic compounds like sodium chloride. Mastering this chapter is essential for scoring well in the chemistry section of your matriculation examination.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Physical Properties
Metals are generally solid, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and good conductors of heat and electricity, whereas non-metals lack these properties and are brittle.
Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals react with oxygen to form basic oxides, with water to form metal oxides or hydroxides and hydrogen gas, and with dilute acids to release hydrogen gas.
Reactivity Series
A list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity, which helps determine whether a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Ionic Compounds
Compounds formed by the complete transfer of valence electrons from a metal to a non-metal, resulting in high melting and boiling points and electrical conductivity in molten state.
Metallurgy and Corrosion
The process of extracting metals from their ores through concentration, reduction, and refining, alongside methods to prevent the degradation of metals known as corrosion.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Bihar (BSEB) Class 10 Science board examination, the 'Metals and Non-metals' chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include objective (MCQs), short-answer reasoning questions (such as why copper wires are used for electrical conduction or why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene), and long-answer descriptive questions on the extraction of metals or chemical properties.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Sodium is an extremely reactive metal that catches fire spontaneously if it reacts with moisture and oxygen present in the air. Kerosene oil cuts off its contact with air and moisture, preventing accidental fires.
What is the difference between roasting and calcination?
Roasting involves heating a sulphide ore strongly in the presence of excess air to convert it into metal oxide, whereas calcination involves heating a carbonate ore strongly in the absence or limited supply of air.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds are formed by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, which requires a large amount of energy to break these strong ionic bonds.
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