Class 10 Science - BIHAR
Acids, Bases and Salts
The Class 10 Science chapter 'Acids, Bases and Salts' is a foundational topic in chemistry for Bihar Board (BSEB) students. It explores the chemical properties of acids and bases, how they react with metals and each other, the importance of the pH scale in everyday life, and the preparation and uses of important chemical compounds like sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of Paris. This chapter is highly scoring and frequently appears in board exams through conceptual, reaction-based, and numerical questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Indicators
Substances that change color in acidic or basic solutions to indicate their presence, such as litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein.
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids react with metals to release hydrogen gas and with bases to form salt and water in a neutralization reaction.
The pH Scale
A numeric scale from 0 to 14 used to measure the hydrogen ion concentration, determining whether a solution is acidic (pH < 7), basic (pH > 7), or neutral (pH = 7).
Chlor-alkali Process
The electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) that produces chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide.
Water of Crystallization
The fixed number of water molecules chemically attached to one formula unit of a salt in its crystalline form, such as CuSO4.5H2O.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Bihar Board (BSEB) Class 10 Science examination, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include objective (multiple-choice) questions, short-answer questions based on chemical reactions, and long-answer questions detailing the preparation and uses of salts like washing soda or plaster of Paris.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do dry HCl gas not change the color of dry litmus paper?
Dry HCl gas does not dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) in the absence of water, and ions are required to show acidic properties and change the color of litmus.
What is the common name of CaOCl2 and how is it prepared?
The common name of CaOCl2 is bleaching powder. It is prepared by the action of chlorine gas on dry slaked lime [Ca(OH)2].
Why is the dilution of a concentrated acid done by adding acid to water and not water to acid?
Adding water to concentrated acid releases a large amount of heat suddenly, which can cause the mixture to splash out and cause severe burns. Therefore, acid is always added slowly to water with constant stirring.
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