Class 11 Important Formulas - Physics, Chemistry, Maths Complete
Complete formula compilation for Class 11 Physics, Chemistry, and Maths. Covers Kinematics, Newton's Laws, Thermodynamics, Mole Concept, Gas Laws, Equilibrium, Trig Identities, AP/GP, Calculus rules, and more. Print and revise daily.
In short: This is the complete formula reference for Class 11 PCM students. Physics covers Kinematics equations, Newton's Laws, Work-Energy theorem, Gravitation, Thermodynamics, SHM, and Waves. Chemistry covers Mole concept, Gas laws, Thermochemistry, Equilibrium, and Organic Chemistry rules. Maths covers Sets notation, all Trigonometric identities, Quadratic formula, AP/GP formulas, Binomial theorem, Limits, and Differentiation rules. Bookmark this page and revise daily.
Formulas are the tools of Class 11 Science. You can understand every concept perfectly, but if you cannot recall the right formula during the exam, that understanding is worthless. This comprehensive compilation covers every important formula across Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics for Class 11.
Use this as your daily revision resource. Print it, stick it on your wall, or keep it open on your device. The goal is not to memorize all formulas in one sitting — it is to revise them repeatedly until they become automatic.
Physics Formulas
Kinematics — Straight Line Motion (Chapter 3)
Formula
Description
v = u + at
First equation of motion
s = ut + ½at²
Second equation of motion
v² = u² + 2as
Third equation of motion
s_nth = u + a(2n-1)/2
Distance in nth second
Average velocity = (u + v)/2
When acceleration is constant
Kinematics — Projectile Motion (Chapter 4)
Formula
Description
Horizontal range: R = u²sin2θ/g
Maximum when θ = 45°
Maximum height: H = u²sin²θ/(2g)
Vertical component determines height
Time of flight: T = 2usinθ/g
Total time in air
Equation of trajectory: y = xtanθ - gx²/(2u²cos²θ)
Hyperconjugation: σ-bond electrons stabilize adjacent carbocation
3° > 2° > 1° carbocation stability
Markovnikov's rule: H adds to C with more H
Electrophilic addition to asymmetric alkenes
Mathematics Formulas
Sets Notation (Chapter 1)
Symbol
Meaning
∈
Element belongs to set
∉
Element does not belong to set
∪
Union
∩
Intersection
A' or Aᶜ
Complement of A
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
Inclusion-exclusion principle
φ or {}
Empty set
A ⊂ B
A is a subset of B
Trigonometric Identities (Chapter 3)
Identity
Formula
Pythagorean
sin²x + cos²x = 1
1 + tan²x = sec²x
1 + cot²x = csc²x
Sum formulas
sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
cos(A+B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB
tan(A+B) = (tanA + tanB)/(1 - tanAtanB)
Double angle
sin2A = 2sinAcosA
cos2A = cos²A - sin²A = 2cos²A - 1 = 1 - 2sin²A
tan2A = 2tanA/(1 - tan²A)
Half angle
sin²(A/2) = (1 - cosA)/2
cos²(A/2) = (1 + cosA)/2
Sum to product
sinA + sinB = 2sin((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2)
cosA + cosB = 2cos((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2)
Product to sum
2sinAcosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A-B)
General solution (sinx = 0)
x = nπ
General solution (cosx = 0)
x = (2n+1)π/2
General solution (sinx = sinα)
x = nπ + (-1)ⁿα
General solution (cosx = cosα)
x = 2nπ ± α
Algebra Formulas
Formula
Context
Quadratic: x = (-b ± √(b²-4ac))/(2a)
Solving ax² + bx + c = 0
Complex number: z = a + bi,
z
nPr = n!/(n-r)!
Permutations
nCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!]
Combinations
Binomial: (a+b)ⁿ = Σ nCr·aⁿ⁻ʳ·bʳ
Binomial expansion
General term: T(r+1) = nCr·aⁿ⁻ʳ·bʳ
Finding specific terms
AP: aₙ = a + (n-1)d
nth term of AP
AP sum: Sₙ = n/2[2a + (n-1)d]
Sum of n terms
GP: aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹
nth term of GP
GP sum: Sₙ = a(rⁿ-1)/(r-1)
Sum of n terms (r ≠ 1)
GP infinite sum: S∞ = a/(1-r)
For
Coordinate Geometry (Chapters 9, 10, 11)
Formula
Context
Distance: d = √[(x₂-x₁)² + (y₂-y₁)²]
Between two points
Section formula: (mx₂+nx₁)/(m+n), (my₂+ny₁)/(m+n)
Dividing line segment
Slope: m = (y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁) = tanθ
Inclination of line
Line equation: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)
Point-slope form
Distance from point to line:
ax₁+by₁+c
Circle: (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
Standard form
Parabola: y² = 4ax
Standard form (horizontal)
Ellipse: x²/a² + y²/b² = 1
Standard form
Hyperbola: x²/a² - y²/b² = 1
Standard form
Eccentricity: Circle (0), Ellipse (<1), Parabola (1), Hyperbola (>1)
Classification
Limits and Derivatives (Chapter 12)
Rule
Formula
lim(x→a) [f(x) ± g(x)] = lim f(x) ± lim g(x)
Algebra of limits
lim(x→0) sinx/x = 1
Standard limit
lim(x→0) (1-cosx)/x = 0
Standard limit
lim(x→a) (xⁿ - aⁿ)/(x - a) = naⁿ⁻¹
Standard limit
d/dx(xⁿ) = nxⁿ⁻¹
Power rule
d/dx(sinx) = cosx
Trig derivative
d/dx(cosx) = -sinx
Trig derivative
d/dx(tanx) = sec²x
Trig derivative
Product rule: d/dx(uv) = u'v + uv'
Differentiation
Quotient rule: d/dx(u/v) = (u'v - uv')/v²
Differentiation
Statistics (Chapter 13)
Formula
Context
Mean: x̄ = Σxᵢ/n
Average
Variance: σ² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)²/n
Spread of data
Standard Deviation: σ = √(variance)
Spread measure
Coefficient of Variation: CV = (σ/x̄) × 100
Relative variability
Probability (Chapter 14)
Formula
Context
P(E) = n(E)/n(S)
Classical probability
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
Addition theorem
P(A') = 1 - P(A)
Complement
P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)
Independent events
Conditional: P(A
B) = P(A∩B)/P(B)
How to Use This Formula Sheet
Step
Action
Frequency
1
Read through all formulas in one subject
Once to familiarize
2
Cover the "Description" column, try to recall what each formula means
Daily — 10 minutes
3
Cover the "Formula" column, try to write each formula from the description
Daily — 15 minutes
4
Practice using each formula in at least one problem
Weekly — per chapter
5
Write all formulas from memory on a blank page
Before each exam
Print this page (or save it) and revise daily. Formula revision takes 20-30 minutes if done consistently. The investment pays off directly in board exam marks and competitive exam confidence.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I memorize all formulas at once?
No. Learn formulas chapter by chapter as you study each topic. This compilation is for revision after you have studied the chapters. Use it daily to maintain recall, not as a substitute for understanding the concepts behind each formula.
Are these formulas sufficient for JEE?
These cover the essential formulas. JEE also requires derived formulas, special cases, and advanced applications that go beyond this list. Use this as your base and add JEE-specific formulas as you encounter them in practice.
How do I remember formulas I keep forgetting?
Use active recall: close this sheet and try to write the formula from memory. If you forget, check and try again after 5 minutes. Spaced repetition (testing yourself at increasing intervals) is the most effective memory technique for formulas.
Do I need to derive formulas in the exam or just apply them?
CBSE board exams include derivation questions (5-8 marks typically). You need to derive key formulas (equations of motion, escape velocity, SHM equations, etc.) from first principles. Competitive exams primarily test application, not derivation.
Can I bring a formula sheet into the exam?
No. All formulas must be memorized. This is why daily revision is essential — the goal is to make recall automatic by exam day.
Start Practicing on Padhaao
Knowing the formula is step one. Applying it correctly under exam conditions is step two. Padhaao helps you practice formula application with chapter-wise problems, guided solutions, and board-pattern questions that test both recall and application.
