Class 9 Social Science - PUNJAB
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' in Class 9 Social Science explores how the major decision-making bodies of the Indian government operate. Students learn about the crucial roles played by the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary. The chapter explains why political institutions are necessary to run a democratic country, how laws are made and implemented, and how disputes are resolved. It highlights the importance of the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, the President, and the Parliament. Understanding this chapter is essential for PSEB board exams as it forms the foundation of Indian democracy and civics.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Parliament
The supreme law-making assembly of India consisting of the President, Lok Sabha (Lower House), and Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
Political Executive
Leaders elected by the people for a specific period who take the major policy decisions and run the government.
Permanent Executive
Civil servants or bureaucrats who remain in office even when governments change and assist the political executive in daily administration.
Judiciary
An independent body of courts including the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts responsible for interpreting laws and dispensing justice.
Coalition Government
A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties when no single party wins a clear majority in elections.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) Class 9 Social Science examination, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include Very Short Answer (VSA) questions, 2-mark or 3-mark short notes on institutions like the Parliament or Judiciary, and occasional long-answer questions explaining the powers and functions of the Prime Minister or the President.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between the political executive and the permanent executive?
The political executive consists of elected leaders who make major policy decisions for a fixed term, while the permanent executive consists of civil servants who implement these decisions and remain in service regardless of which party is in power.
Why do we need political institutions in a democracy?
Institutions are necessary to ensure that decisions are taken in a transparent manner, rules and procedures are followed, consultations take place, and checks and balances are maintained so power is not concentrated in one hand.
Who has more power in India, the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha has more power in financial matters and ordinary law-making in case of a joint sitting, though the Rajya Sabha plays an important role in reviewing laws and protecting the interests of states.
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