Class 9 Social Science - ODISHA
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' in Class 9 Social Science explores how the major decision-making bodies in India—the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary—function to run the democracy. Students learn about the roles of the President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). It emphasizes why institutions are necessary for a democracy to function smoothly, how major policy decisions are made, implemented, and judged for fairness. This chapter is vital for the Odisha BSE board exams as it forms the foundation of Indian Polity, frequently featuring in both objective and long-answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Major Policy Decision
A significant decision taken by the government, such as the implementation of the Mandal Commission report, involving multiple institutions like the Cabinet, Parliament, and courts.
Parliament
The supreme law-making body in India, consisting of the President and two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Political Executive vs Permanent Executive
Political executives are elected representatives who make major policies (like Ministers), while permanent executives are civil servants appointed on a long-term basis who implement these policies.
Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
The Prime Minister is the head of the government who chooses other ministers and wields immense power, while the Council of Ministers is the institutional body that assists the PM.
Judiciary
An independent body of courts, headed by the Supreme Court, responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and safeguarding the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Odisha BSE Class 9 Social Science (Political Science) examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short-answer questions about the functions of the Parliament or Judiciary, and long-answer questions explaining the powers of the Prime Minister or the need for political institutions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Institutions ensure that decisions are taken after proper consultation, debate, and consensus, preventing arbitrary rule and ensuring accountability to the citizens.
Institutions are necessary because they handle the tasks of governing a country, formulating policies, implementing them, and resolving disputes fairly.
What is the difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?
Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people and is more powerful in financial matters, while Rajya Sabha represents the states of India and is a permanent body.
Who is more powerful: the Prime Minister or the President?
In India's parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is the real executive head and holds actual political power, whereas the President is the nominal or constitutional head.
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