Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives

Different political groups in 19th-century Europe with varying views on social change; liberals wanted a representative government, radicals wanted a government based on a majority, and conservatives preferred preserving traditional institutions.

Socialism in Russia

An ideology where all property and the means of production are socially controlled rather than privately owned, which gained massive support among Russian peasants and industrial workers facing extreme exploitation.

The 1905 Revolution (Bloody Sunday)

A turning point where peaceful workers led by Father Gapon were fired upon by the Tsar's troops in St. Petersburg, triggering widespread strikes and leading to the creation of the first elected parliament, the Duma.

The October Revolution of 1917

The event led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party where they successfully overthrew the Provisional Government and established the world's first socialist state.

Collectivization

A policy introduced by Joseph Stalin in the late 1920s to combine small peasant farms into large, state-controlled collective farms (kolkhoz) to boost agricultural production and feed industrial workers.