Class 9 Social Science - KERALA
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' in Class 9 Social Science (Kerala SCERT) explores how the government functions in a democracy. It highlights that a democracy is not just about electing rulers; those rulers have to work through specific institutions to make, execute, and apply decisions. The chapter details the roles of the three major organs of government: the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Bureaucracy), and the Judiciary (Courts). Understanding these institutions is crucial for Kerala board exams as it forms the foundation of Indian civics and democratic governance.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Parliament
The supreme law-making body of India, consisting of the President and two houses: the Lok Sabha (Lower House) and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
Political Executive
Elected leaders representing the people who take major policy decisions and remain in office for a fixed term.
Permanent Executive
Civil servants and bureaucrats who are appointed on a long-term basis to assist the political executive in day-to-day administration.
Judiciary
An independent body of courts that interprets laws, settles disputes, and safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens.
Coalition Government
A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties when no single party secures a clear majority in the legislature.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter is a high-scoring segment in the Kerala (SCERT) Class 9 Social Science examinations, typically carrying around 6 to 10 marks. Common question types include short answers on the functions of the Parliament, differences between the political and permanent executive, and paragraph questions explaining the role of the judiciary.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people and holds more financial powers, whereas the Rajya Sabha represents the states of India and is elected indirectly.
Who forms the political executive?
The political executive consists of political leaders elected by the people, such as the Prime Minister, Ministers, and the President, who take major policy decisions.
Why do we need an independent judiciary?
An independent judiciary is essential to ensure that laws are applied fairly without political interference, to protect citizen rights, and to resolve disputes between citizens and the government.
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