Class 9 Social Science - CBSE
Working of Institutions
The chapter 'Working of Institutions' explores how the government of India functions through major decision-making bodies. It explains the roles and powers of the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Civil Servants), and the Judiciary (Supreme Court). Students learn how a major policy decision is taken, implemented, and resolved in case of disputes. This chapter is vital for board exams as it builds the foundational understanding of Indian democracy, institutional balance of power, and the checks and balances necessary to run a country effectively.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Major Policy Decision
A decision taken by the government, such as the implementation of the Mandal Commission report, involving key leaders like the President, Prime Minister, and Cabinet.
Parliament
The supreme law-making body of India, consisting of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Political vs. Permanent Executive
The political executive consists of elected leaders who take big policy decisions, while the permanent executive (civil servants) is responsible for day-to-day administration.
Prime Minister and Cabinet
The Prime Minister is the head of the government and chooses the Council of Ministers, holding enormous power in directing government policies.
Judiciary
An independent body comprising courts like the Supreme Court and High Courts that resolves disputes and interprets the Constitution.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In CBSE Class 9 Social Science (Democratic Politics), this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Common question types include 1-mark objective questions, 3-mark short-answer questions on the powers of institutions, and 5-mark long-answer questions detailing the roles of the Parliament, Prime Minister, or the need for an independent judiciary.
Frequently Asked Questions
Political executives are elected by the people for a fixed term and take major policy decisions, whereas permanent executives are civil servants appointed on a merit basis who remain in office even when governments change to handle daily administration.
Why do we need political institutions?
Institutions are needed to ensure that decisions are taken after proper debate and discussion, to prevent the concentration of power in one pair of hands, and to provide a mechanism for consultations and checks and balances.
Who is more powerful: Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha is more powerful because its members are directly elected by the people, it controls the money bill, and in case of a joint session, the view of Lok Sabha usually prevails due to its larger strength.
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