Class 7 Social Science - ICSE-GEOGRAPHY
Landforms of the Earth
The chapter 'Landforms of the Earth' explores the diverse natural features that shape our planet's surface, such as mountains, plateaus, and plains, which are formed by internal and external forces. For ICSE Class 7 Geography board exams, this chapter is crucial as it tests students' understanding of geomorphic processes, the differences between various landforms, and their economic significance to human life. Mastering this chapter helps students score well in both map-pointing and descriptive questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Internal Forces (Endogenic Forces)
Forces originating deep within the Earth, such as volcanic activity and earthquakes, that cause upliftment and sinking of the Earth's surface to create major landforms.
External Forces (Exogenic Forces)
Forces operating on the Earth's surface, including weathering, erosion, and deposition by wind, water, and ice, which continuously wear down and rebuild landforms.
Mountains
Naturally elevated portions of the Earth's surface rising high above the surrounding area, categorized mainly into fold, block, and volcanic mountains.
Plateaus
Elevated flat-topped tablelands that stand significantly above the surrounding area, often rich in mineral deposits like coal and iron ore.
Plains
Broad, flat, and low-lying stretches of land mostly formed by river deposits, making them highly fertile and densely populated agricultural regions.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In ICSE Geography examinations, this chapter typically carries about 8 to 12 marks. Common question types include distinguishing between different types of landforms, giving geographical reasons for human settlement patterns, defining key terms, and map-pointing major mountains and plateaus.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between internal and external forces?
Internal forces originate inside the Earth and create original landforms like mountains, while external forces operate on the surface, wearing them down through erosion and deposition.
Why are plains densely populated?
Plains have flat land, fertile soil brought by rivers, and a favorable climate, making them ideal for agriculture, transport networks, and building settlements.
Are plateaus useful for humans?
Yes, plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral resources like coal, iron, and manganese, and their grasslands are often used for cattle and sheep rearing.
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