Class 12 Sociology - UP
Social Movements
The chapter 'Social Movements' in UPMSP Class 12 Sociology explores how collective action brings about social change. It examines the nature and types of social movements, distinguishing them from other collective actions like crowds and riots. Students will learn about historical and contemporary movements in India, such as peasant, workers', tribal, environmental, and women's movements. Understanding these movements is crucial for board exams as it highlights the dynamics of power, resistance, and democracy in Indian society, often featuring in both short-answer and long-answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Social Movement
A sustained, collective effort by people to bring about or resist social change, operating outside institutional channels with a degree of organization.
Relative Deprivation
A feeling of discontent experienced by people when they perceive a gap between what they expect to have and what they actually have, often triggering movements.
New Social Movements
Movements focusing on quality of life, identity, and environmental issues rather than just class struggle or economic demands, such as the Chipko movement.
Peasant Movements
Collective struggles by agricultural labourers and farmers against oppressive land revenue systems, exploitation, and for better crop prices.
Environmental Movements
Grassroots campaigns aimed at protecting natural resources, forests, and rivers from ecological destruction caused by unchecked industrialization and development.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Uttar Pradesh (UPMSP) Class 12 Sociology board exams, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include multiple-choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions (1-2 marks), short notes on specific movements like Chipko or Narmada Bachao Andolan (4 marks), and long-answer essay-type questions on the features or importance of social movements (6 marks).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a social movement and a crowd?
A crowd is a temporary, unorganized gathering of people with no specific long-term goal. In contrast, a social movement is a sustained, organized, and goal-oriented collective action aimed at bringing about or resisting social change.
Why are environmental movements considered New Social Movements?
Environmental movements are considered New Social Movements because they go beyond traditional class and economic struggles, focusing instead on quality of life, human survival, ecological balance, and cultural identity.
What are the main causes of peasant movements in India?
Main causes include heavy taxation, high land rents, exploitation by landlords and moneylenders, forced evictions, and the denial of fair prices for agricultural produce.
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