Class 12 Sociology - TELANGANA
Social Movements
The chapter 'Social Movements' in Class 12 Sociology explores how collective action brings about social change and challenges existing power structures. It covers the definition, types, and characteristics of social movements, distinguishing them from social change and riots. Students will learn about historical and contemporary movements in India, such as the peasant, tribal, Dalit, women's, and environmental movements like Chipko. This chapter is vital for board exams as it connects sociological theory with real-world democratic struggles and civil society initiatives in independent India, frequently appearing in both short and long answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Social Movement
A sustained, collective effort by a group of people to bring about or resist social, political, or economic change.
Relative Deprivation
A feeling of discontent experienced by people when they perceive a gap between what they expect to have and what they actually have.
New Social Movements
Movements that emerged in the late 20th century focusing on identity, lifestyle, environment, and human rights rather than purely class-based economic issues.
Social Change vs. Social Movement
While social change is a continuous, natural process occurring in society, social movements are deliberate, organized efforts directed toward specific goals.
Ecological Movements
Collective actions aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable resource management, such as the Chipko and Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter typically carries around 6 to 10 marks in the Telangana (TSBSE) Class 12 Sociology board examinations. Questions usually include 2-mark short answers defining key terms, 4-mark questions on types of social movements, and 8-mark essay-type questions detailing specific movements like environmental or women's movements in India.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a social movement and a riot?
A social movement is organized, has a clear ideology, and is sustained over time, whereas a riot is a spontaneous, unstructured, and short-lived outburst of collective anger.
Why are New Social Movements different from traditional ones?
Traditional movements focused mainly on economic and class struggles, while New Social Movements focus on quality of life, identity, human rights, and environmental issues.
Are all social movements aimed at bringing positive change?
No, not all social movements are progressive; some can be regressive or reactionary, aiming to reverse social changes and restore past traditions or norms.
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