Class 12 Sociology - ODISHA
Social Movements
The chapter 'Social Movements' in Class 12 Sociology explores how collective action brings about social change. Students will learn about the nature, types, and theories of social movements in India, distinguishing them from ordinary crowds or protests. Key topics include peasant movements, workers' movements, tribal movements, environmental movements like Chipko, and women's movements. This chapter is highly scoring in Odisha BSE board exams, as examiners frequently ask direct questions about the classification of social movements and their impact on Indian democracy and societal transformation.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Social Movement
A sustained, collective effort by a group of people to bring about or resist social, political, or economic change.
Peasant Movements
Organized struggles by farmers and agricultural laborers against exploitation, high taxation, and land dispossession, such as the Tebhaga and Telengana movements.
Environmental Movements
Collective actions aimed at protecting nature and natural resources from ecological degradation, best exemplified by the Chipko Movement in India.
New Social Movements
Movements that go beyond traditional class struggles to focus on quality of life, human rights, gender equality, and environmental protection.
Social Change
Significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, cultural values, and norms, which is often accelerated by organized social movements.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter usually carries around 8-12 marks in the Odisha BSE Class 12 Sociology board examination. Questions typically include 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark short answers defining key terms, 4-mark short notes on specific movements (like Chipko or Dalit movements), and 7-mark long descriptive questions detailing the features or types of social movements in India.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a social movement and a crowd?
A crowd is a temporary gathering of people with no clear leadership or long-term goal, whereas a social movement is a well-organized, sustained collective effort with a specific ideology and a goal to bring about social change.
Why are environmental movements considered New Social Movements?
They are called New Social Movements because they focus on quality of life, cultural identity, and ecological survival rather than purely economic or class-based demands.
What role do leaders play in a social movement?
Leaders provide direction, articulate the ideology, mobilize resources, inspire participants, and negotiate with authorities to achieve the movement's goals.
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