Class 12 Sociology - KARNATAKA
Social Movements
The chapter 'Social Movements' in Class 12 Sociology explores how collective action brings about social change and challenges existing power structures. It covers the definition, types, and characteristics of social movements, distinguishing them from mere mob behavior or institutionalized politics. Students will study major historical and contemporary movements in India, such as peasant movements, the Dalit movement, women's movements, and environmental movements like Chipko and Narmada Bachao Andolan. Understanding these movements is crucial for board exams as it connects sociological theory with practical realities of Indian society and democracy, carrying significant weight in the Karnataka (KSEEB) examinations.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Social Movement
A sustained, collective effort by a group of people to bring about or resist social, political, or economic change.
New Social Movements
Movements that arose globally from the 1960s and 70s focusing on identity, quality of life, and environment rather than just class struggle.
Peasant Movements
Collective actions organized by farmers and agrarian workers against oppressive land revenue systems, exploitation, and for better crop pricing.
Chipko Movement
A famous environmental movement in Uttarakhand where villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down by commercial loggers.
Dalit Movement
A socio-political struggle by oppressed castes for social equality, dignity, and the abolition of untouchability and caste discrimination.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Karnataka (KSEEB) Class 12 Sociology examination, this chapter typically carries around 8 to 12 marks. Questions frequently appear as 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark definitions, 5-mark short notes on specific movements (like Chipko or Dalit movements), and 10-mark essay type questions analyzing the causes, nature, and impact of social movements in India.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a social movement and a mob?
A mob is a temporary, unorganized gathering of people with a short-lived emotion. In contrast, a social movement is a well-organized, long-term, and sustained collective effort with a specific ideology and goal to bring about social change.
Why are New Social Movements called 'new'?
They are called 'new' because, unlike older movements centered mainly on economic class and political power, these focus on lifestyle, cultural identity, human rights, and environmental protection.
What were the main objectives of the Chipko movement?
The main objectives were to stop commercial deforestation, protect the local ecology, and secure the livelihood rights of hill villagers who depended on the forests for survival.
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