Class 12 Sociology - HARYANA
Social Movements
The chapter 'Social Movements' in Class 12 Sociology explores how collective action brings about social change and challenges existing power structures. It covers the definition and characteristics of social movements, distinguishing them from social change and riots. Students will learn about different types of social movements, such as peasant, working class, tribal, environmental, and women's movements, with special focus on their role in independent India. This chapter is vital for board exams as it tests analytical understanding of mobilization, leadership, and the impact of these movements on democratic spaces and public policy.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Social Movement
A sustained, collective effort by a group of people to bring about or resist social change, often operating outside established institutional channels.
Social Change vs. Social Movement
Social change is a broad, continuous process affecting society as a whole, whereas a social movement is a deliberate, organized collective action aimed at specific goals.
Old Social Movements
Movements primarily centered around economic and class issues, such as labor and peasant movements, focusing on distribution of resources and political power.
New Social Movements
Movements that emerged in the late 20th century focusing on identity, quality of life, environment, and human rights rather than purely economic demands.
Chipko Movement
A prominent environmental movement in India where villagers, notably women, hugged trees to prevent them from being felled, highlighting ecological concerns.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 12 Sociology examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6-8 marks. Questions usually include multiple-choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions (1 mark), short answer questions (2-4 marks), and long answer/essay-type questions (6 marks) focusing on examples like the Chipko movement or the difference between old and new social movements.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a social movement and a riot?
A social movement is organized, has long-term goals, and follows a sustained strategy for social change, whereas a riot is spontaneous, unorganized, and temporary mob violence without a clear ideological goal.
Why are women's movements considered a part of new social movements?
Because they go beyond mere economic demands to challenge deep-rooted cultural patriarchal structures, fighting for identity, dignity, equality, and bodily autonomy.
What were the main issues raised by tribal movements in India?
Tribal movements mainly addressed issues related to alienation from land, displacement due to large dams and industrial projects, forest rights, and cultural identity preservation.
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