Class 12 Sociology - BIHAR
Cultural Change
The chapter 'Cultural Change' in Class 12 Sociology explores how societies transform over time through various internal and external forces. For BSEB students, this chapter is crucial as it connects traditional Indian society with modern developments. It covers major processes of social transformation such as Westernisation, Modernisation, Secularisation, and Sanskritisation, concepts originally coined by renowned sociologist M.N. Srinivas. Understanding these dynamics helps students analyze contemporary social issues, policy changes, and the impact of globalization on local traditions, making it a high-scoring and conceptually rich area for board examinations.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Sanskritisation
A process by which lower castes or tribes try to adopt the customs, rituals, beliefs, and lifestyle of higher castes to elevate their social status.
Westernisation
The changes brought about in Indian society and culture due to contact with western society, particularly through British rule, involving changes in technology, dress, food, and values.
Modernisation
A multidimensional process involving the adoption of scientific orientation, rational thinking, industrialization, urbanization, and a belief in individual progress.
Secularisation
A process where religious ideas, institutions, and practices lose their social significance, and public life becomes increasingly guided by rational and secular principles.
Social Reform Movements
Organized efforts by social reformers to eradicate harmful social practices like sati, untouchability, and child marriage, and to promote women's education.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) Class 12 Sociology exam, this chapter typically carries around 8 to 12 marks. Questions frequently appear as objective (MCQs), short-answer (2 marks), and long-answer/essay type (5 marks) questions, especially focusing on definitions of Sanskritisation and Modernisation, and differences between Westernisation and Modernisation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between Sanskritisation and Westernisation?
Sanskritisation is a process of upward social mobility within the traditional Hindu framework by imitating higher castes, whereas Westernisation refers to adopting western cultural traits, technology, and values introduced during British rule.
Who coined the term Sanskritisation?
The eminent Indian sociologist M.N. Srinivas coined the term Sanskritisation in his study of the Coorgs of South India.
Does Modernisation mean complete abandonment of tradition?
No, modernisation does not mean abandoning tradition completely. In countries like India, tradition and modernity often coexist, where people adopt modern technology and rational thinking while retaining traditional values and family structures.
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