Class 12 History - TAMILNADU
An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara
The chapter 'An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara' explores the rise, glory, administration, and eventual decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, with a special focus on its magnificent capital city, Hampi. Students will learn about the founding of the empire by Harihara and Bukka in 1336, the rule of Krishnadevaraya, the architectural marvels like the Virupaksha and Vittala temples, and the accounts of foreign travelers like Domingo Paes and Abdur Razzaq. This chapter is vital for Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 board exams as it tests analytical understanding of medieval South Indian history, urban planning, socio-cultural life, and architectural achievements through objective and descriptive questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Foundation of Vijayanagara
Established in 1336 CE on the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty, laying the foundation for a mighty Hindu empire.
Krishnadevaraya's Reign
Belonging to the Tuluva dynasty, he ruled from 1509 to 1529 CE, marking the golden age of the empire characterized by military expansion, cultural growth, and Telugu literature.
Nayankara System
A unique administrative and military system where military chiefs called Nayakas controlled territories granted by the king in exchange for military service and tribute.
Architectural Marvels
The capital features breathtaking structures like the Hazara Rama temple, Vittala temple with its famous stone chariot, and intricate gopurams showcasing Dravidian architecture.
Foreign Accounts
Writings of travelers such as Nicolo de Conti, Abdur Razzaq, Domingo Paes, and Fernao Nuniz provide invaluable firsthand descriptions of the city's wealth, markets, and court life.
Battle of Talikota (1565)
A decisive battle where a coalition of Deccan Sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara forces, leading to the plunder and gradual abandonment of the imperial capital.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 History board examinations, this chapter typically carries around 8 to 12 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark multiple-choice questions, short answers on foreign travelers or architectural features, and long-form essay questions focusing on Krishnadevaraya's achievements, the administrative structure (Nayankara system), or the architectural splendor of Hampi.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire and in which year?
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, belonging to the Sangama dynasty.
What was the significance of the Nayankara system?
The Nayankara system was a feudal-like administrative arrangement where military commanders (Nayakas) were assigned land territories in exchange for maintaining troops and paying tribute to the central government.
Why is the Battle of Talikota considered a turning point?
The Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE resulted in a massive defeat for Vijayanagara against the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates, leading to the destruction, looting, and eventual abandonment of the capital city of Hampi.
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