Class 12 History - HARYANA
An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara
The chapter 'An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara' in Class 12 History explores the history, architecture, and socio-economic life of the magnificent Vijayanagara Empire, which flourished from the 14th to the 16th century in southern India. Named after its capital city, Vijayanagara (modern Hampi), the chapter examines its foundation by Harihara and Bukka, the Krishnadeva Raya rule, water resource management, fortifications, urban core, and royal centre. For Haryana Board (BSEH) students, this chapter is crucial for board exams as it tests detailed knowledge about architectural wonders, traveler accounts like Abdur Razzaq and Domingo Paes, and the administrative machinery of medieval Indian empires.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Establishment of Vijayanagara
Founded in 1336 CE by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, translating to 'City of Victory'.
The Rayas of Vijayanagara
The most famous ruler was Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty, under whom the empire reached its peak of military glory and territorial expansion.
Water Resources and Fortification
Advanced engineering techniques such as the Kamalapur tank and elaborate canals were built, and the city was heavily fortified to withstand prolonged sieges.
The Royal Centre
The political nerve center containing over 60 temples, the Mahanavami dibba, and impressive secular buildings reflecting imperial authority.
Sacred Centre
The area around the Virupaksha and Vitthala temples, characterized by Gopurams, Mandapas, and chariot streets that formed the religious heartland.
Travellers' Accounts
Writings of foreign visitors like Ibn Battuta, Nicolo de Conti, Abdur Razzaq, and Domingo Paes provide invaluable contemporary descriptions of the city's wealth and administration.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter typically carries around 6-8 marks in the Haryana (BSEH) Class 12 History board examination. Questions commonly include map-work (locating Vijayanagara or Hampi), short-answer questions on architectural features like the Mahanavami Dibba, and long-answer essay questions on the administration or the accounts of foreign travelers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire and when?
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka.
What was the significance of the Mahanavami Dibba?
It was a massive platform in the Royal Centre associated with the Mahanavami festival, where the king displayed his prestige, power, and suzerainty.
What led to the decline of Vijayanagara?
The empire suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE against the combined forces of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, and Golconda, leading to the devastation and eventual abandonment of the capital city.
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