Class 12 Economics - HARYANA
Environment and Sustainable Development
This chapter explores the crucial economic challenges related to the environment and the path towards sustainable development. Class 12 Haryana (BSEH) students will learn about the functions and carrying capacity of the environment, the causes of environmental degradation like pollution and deforestation, and India's current environmental situation. It also highlights strategies for sustainable development, including the use of renewable energy and organic farming. For board exams, this chapter is high-scoring and frequently features questions on sustainable development strategies, global warming, and the opportunity cost of economic growth versus environmental preservation.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Environment
Total planetary inheritance and the totality of all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements that surround us.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals or a load that a natural system can sustain without undergoing deterioration.
Opportunity Cost
The cost of forgone opportunities; in environmental terms, it is the cost of environmental damage caused by rapid economic growth.
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Global Warming
A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Haryana Board (BSEH) Class 12 Economics exam, this chapter generally carries around 5 to 7 marks. Common question types include 1-mark objective questions, 3-mark short answer questions on the functions of the environment or causes of land degradation, and 5-mark long answer questions detailing strategies for sustainable development.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main functions of the environment?
The environment supplies resources, assimilates waste, sustains life by providing genetic and biodiversity, and provides aesthetic services.
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
Renewable resources can be replenished naturally over time (like solar and wind energy), while non-renewable resources get exhausted with use and cannot be easily replaced (like coal and petroleum).
How does organic farming promote sustainable development?
Organic farming avoids chemical fertilizers and pesticides, preserves soil fertility, reduces water pollution, and ensures healthier agricultural output without harming the ecosystem.
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