Class 12 Chemistry - ODISHA
Biomolecules
The Biomolecules chapter in Class 12 Chemistry for Odisha BSE students explores the chemical basis of life, focusing on the structures, properties, and biological roles of essential organic compounds. You will study carbohydrates like glucose and fructose, the classification of proteins through amino acids, the structures of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), vitamins, and lipids. Understanding these molecules is crucial for both board exams and competitive tests like NEET and JEE. This chapter typically features direct questions on structures, classifications, and tests for various biomolecules, making it a high-scoring area if you master the functional groups and linkages.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Carbohydrates
Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on hydrolysis behavior.
Proteins and Amino Acids
Polymers of alpha-amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, possessing primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural organizations.
Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules like DNA and RNA responsible for heredity and protein synthesis, made of pentose sugar, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups.
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal health, growth, and development, categorized into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-group, C).
Enzymes
Biocatalysts produced by living cells that are proteinaceous in nature and speed up biochemical reactions with high specificity.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Odisha BSE Class 12 Chemistry board examination, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include short-answer questions defining terms like Zwitter ion, peptide bond, or denaturation of proteins, as well as structural differences between DNA and RNA, and classification of carbohydrates and vitamins.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine base, and is typically double-stranded. RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil base instead of thymine, and is usually single-stranded.
What is a Zwitter ion?
It is a dipolar ion formed when an amino acid transfers a proton from its carboxyl group to its amino group, existing internally as a salt with both positive and negative charges.
Why are vitamins important and how are they classified?
Vitamins are vital organic nutrients our bodies cannot synthesize in adequate amounts. They are classified based on solubility into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B and C).
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