Class 12 Chemistry - GUJARAT
Biomolecules
The Biomolecules chapter in Class 12 Chemistry for the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSEB) explores the chemical basis of life. Students will study the structure, classification, and biological importance of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), vitamins, and lipids. These complex organic compounds are essential for understanding metabolic processes in living organisms. For board exams, this chapter is high-scoring, frequently featuring direct questions on structures, classifications, differences between DNA and RNA, and peptide linkages. Mastery of this chapter bridges organic chemistry with biology, ensuring a strong foundation for competitive entrance exams like NEET and JEE.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Carbohydrates
Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on hydrolysis behavior.
Proteins and Amino Acids
Polymers of alpha-amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, possessing primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural levels.
Enzymes
Biocatalysts produced by living cells that are extremely specific and efficient in accelerating biochemical reactions.
Nucleic Acids
Biopolymers consisting of nucleotides (pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group) responsible for heredity and protein synthesis (DNA and RNA).
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal health, growth, and development, classified into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-group, C).
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Gujarat (GSEB) Class 12 Chemistry board exam, Biomolecules typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions commonly appear as objective types (MCQs), short-answer questions defining terms like peptide bond, glycosidic linkage, or denaturation of proteins, and distinguishing questions such as differences between DNA and RNA or fibrous and globular proteins.
Frequently Asked Questions
They are anomers that differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group (-OH) specifically at C-1 carbon atom in their cyclic hemiacetal structures.
They are anomers that differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group (-OH) specifically at C-1 carbon atom in their cyclic hemiacetal structures.
What is a peptide linkage?
An amide bond (-CO-NH-) formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid with the elimination of a water molecule.
Why are vitamin C and B-complex vitamins not stored in our body?
Because they are water-soluble vitamins, meaning they dissolve in water and are regularly excreted through urine, hence they must be supplied regularly in the diet.
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