Class 12 Business Studies - WEST-BENGAL
Controlling
The chapter 'Controlling' in Class 12 Business Studies for West Bengal (WBBSE) students explores the crucial managerial function of monitoring organizational performance against set standards to ensure goals are achieved. You will learn about the controlling process, its relationship with planning, and various traditional and modern techniques of controlling such as Return on Investment, Management Audit, and PERT/CPM. Understanding this chapter is vital for board exams as it frequently features direct theoretical questions, case studies on deviations, and the crucial 'planning-controlling relationship' link, carrying significant weight in the final examinations.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Meaning of Controlling
Controlling involves comparing actual performance with established standards to find deviations and taking corrective actions to ensure organizational goals are met.
Relationship between Planning and Controlling
Planning and controlling are inseparable twins; planning provides the base standards for controlling, while controlling makes planning meaningful by ensuring execution goes as intended.
Controlling Process
A systematic five-step procedure: setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing performance against standards, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective action.
Management by Exception (MBE)
A control technique where managers focus only on significant deviations that exceed permissible limits, saving time and energy.
Critical Point Control (CPC)
A technique that focuses attention on Key Result Areas (KRAs) or critical bottlenecks that significantly impact overall business performance.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBBSE) Class 12 Business Studies exam, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include short-answer questions (1-2 marks), descriptive questions on the controlling process or limitations (4-5 marks), and application-based case studies analyzing management techniques.
Frequently Asked Questions
How are planning and controlling interrelated?
Planning is looking ahead while controlling is looking back, but they are interdependent. Planning sets the targets, and controlling checks if those targets are being met, making planning prescriptive and controlling corrective.
What is meant by 'Critical Point Control'?
It is a control technique where managers focus on key result areas (KRAs) that are critical to the success of the business, rather than trying to monitor every minor detail.
What are the limitations of controlling?
Controlling has limitations such as difficulty in setting quantitative standards, little control over external factors, resistance from employees due to strict monitoring, and high cost of implementation.
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