Class 12 Business Studies - TAMILNADU
Controlling
The chapter 'Controlling' in Class 12 Business Studies under the Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi syllabus explores the crucial managerial function of monitoring organizational performance to ensure that actual results align with established plans. Students will learn about the controlling process, the relationship between planning and controlling, and various traditional and modern techniques of control such as budgetary control, management audit, and PERT/CPM. This chapter is vital for board exams as it tests both theoretical understanding and practical applications of management controls, regularly featuring in both short-answer and essay-type questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Meaning of Controlling
Controlling is the process of comparing actual performance with predetermined standards, finding out deviations, and taking corrective measures to ensure the efficient use of organizational resources.
Planning and Controlling Relationship
Planning and controlling are inseparable twins; planning provides the base by setting goals, while controlling ensures that these plans are executed properly and deviations are corrected.
Controlling Process
A systematic sequence involving setting performance standards, measuring actual performance, comparing performance with standards, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective action.
Management by Exception (MBE)
A control technique where only significant deviations exceeding permissible limits are brought to the attention of higher management, saving time and effort.
Budgetary Control
A traditional technique of managerial control in which all operations are planned in advance in the form of budgets and actual results are compared with budgetary standards.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Tamil Nadu (Samacheer Kalvi) Class 12 Business Studies board examination, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 10 marks. Questions commonly include 1-mark objective questions, 2/3-mark short answers defining controlling or its techniques, and 5-mark essay questions explaining the steps in the controlling process or the relationship between planning and controlling.
Frequently Asked Questions
How are planning and controlling interrelated?
Planning is looking ahead, while controlling is looking back. Planning provides the standards for controlling, and controlling provides information for future planning, making them interdependent.
What is meant by Management by Exception?
It is a control principle stating that if everything is running according to plan, management need not interfere. Only major deviations that go beyond acceptable limits should be handled by top management.
What are the limitations of controlling?
Controlling has limitations such as difficulty in setting quantitative standards, little control over external factors, employee resistance to strict controls, and high costs of implementation.
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