Class 12 Business Studies - GUJARAT
Controlling
The chapter 'Controlling' in GSEB Class 12 Business Studies explores the final yet crucial function of management. It focuses on measuring actual performance against set standards, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions to ensure organizational goals are achieved efficiently. Students will learn the entire controlling process, its relationship with planning, and various traditional and modern techniques of controlling such as ROI, PERT, and CPM. For the Gujarat Board exams, this chapter is vital as it tests students on practical applications, theoretical definitions, and the interdependency between planning and controlling.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Meaning and Nature of Controlling
Controlling involves comparing actual performance with planned performance to find deviations and ensure that activities are going according to plans.
Relationship between Planning and Controlling
Planning and controlling are inseparable twins; planning provides the base with targets, while controlling checks whether those targets are being met.
Controlling Process
A step-by-step procedure starting from setting standards, measuring performance, comparing it, analyzing deviations, to finally taking corrective actions.
Management by Exception (MBE)
A control technique where only significant deviations that go beyond permissible limits are brought to the attention of management.
Traditional and Modern Techniques
Traditional techniques include personal observation and statistical reports, while modern techniques include Return on Investment (ROI), PERT, and CPM.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Gujarat (GSEB) Class 12 Business Studies board exam, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions generally appear as 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark short notes on the controlling process or techniques, and 3 or 4-mark application-based questions explaining the relationship between planning and controlling.
Frequently Asked Questions
How are planning and controlling interrelated?
Planning is looking ahead while controlling is looking back. Planning provides the standards for controlling, and controlling provides information for better future planning, making them interdependent.
What is meant by Management by Exception?
It is a control principle stating that if you try to control everything, you end up controlling nothing. Managers should only focus on major deviations that exceed acceptable limits.
What is the very first step in the controlling process?
The first step is setting standards or targets against which actual performance will later be measured.
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