Class 11 Psychology - PUNJAB
Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
Chapter 2 of Psychology for Class 11 Punjab (PSEB) students, 'Methods of Enquiry in Psychology', explores how psychologists scientifically study human behavior and mental processes. It covers goals like description, prediction, explanation, and control. You will learn about various research methods including observation, experimental method, correlational research, survey research, psychological testing, and case studies. Understanding steps in conducting scientific research, ethical issues, and data analysis is crucial for scoring well in PSEB board exams.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Observation Method
A method involving systematic and objective viewing of behavior in natural or laboratory settings without manipulating variables.
Experimental Method
A research approach where the researcher deliberately manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable under controlled conditions.
Correlational Research
A method used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more variables, ranging from -1.0 to +1.0.
Survey Research
A technique using questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a large group of people regarding their opinions, beliefs, or behaviors.
Case Study
An in-depth, detailed investigation of an individual, small group, or situation using multiple sources of information.
Independent and Dependent Variables
The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the measured outcome affected by the manipulation.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Punjab (PSEB) Class 11 Psychology exam, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions usually include short-answer questions defining methods like observation or experiments, and long-answer questions explaining the steps in scientific research or the differences between various research methods.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
An independent variable is the one the researcher changes or manipulates to see its effect, while the dependent variable is the behavior or outcome that is measured to see how it changed.
Why is the experimental method considered the best method to find cause-and-effect relationships?
Because it involves strict control over extraneous variables and allows the researcher to directly manipulate the independent variable, ensuring that changes in the dependent variable are solely due to that manipulation.
What are ethical guidelines in psychological research?
Rules that researchers must follow to protect participants, which include obtaining informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, debriefing after the study, and ensuring participants have the right to withdraw at any time.
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