Class 11 Geography - KERALA
Soils
The chapter 'Soils' in Class 11 Kerala SCERT Geography explores the formation, types, distribution, and degradation of soils, specifically focusing on India and Kerala. Students will learn about the dynamic nature of soil as a resource, the factors influencing its formation like parent material, climate, and relief, and major soil types such as alluvial, black, red, and laterite soils. It also highlights critical environmental issues like soil erosion, degradation, and conservation strategies. This chapter is vital for board exams as it carries significant weightage with direct questions on soil distribution maps, differences between soil types, and conservation methods.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Soil Formation (Pedogenesis)
The natural process of soil development influenced by parent rock, climate, relief, biological activity, and time.
Alluvial Soils
Fertile soils deposited by rivers, mainly found in northern plains and river valleys, highly suitable for agriculture.
Laterite Soils
Soils formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods, commonly found in Kerala and rich in iron and aluminium oxides.
Soil Degradation
The decline in soil quality and fertility caused by factors like deforestation, overgrazing, intensive agriculture, and heavy use of chemical fertilizers.
Soil Conservation
Methods and practices implemented to protect soil from erosion and depletion, including contour ploughing, terracing, and afforestation.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks in the Kerala SCERT Class 11 Geography examinations. Common question types include short answers on soil formation factors, distinguish between questions (e.g., Bhangar vs. Khadar, Alluvial vs. Laterite soils), map-based questions on the distribution of major soil types in India, and essay questions on soil conservation measures.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between Bhangar and Khadar soils?
Bhangar represents the older alluvium found above the floodplains, containing calcareous deposits known as kankar. Khadar is the newer, more fertile alluvium deposited by floods almost every year.
Why are laterite soils less fertile and how are they used?
Laterite soils lack fertility due to intense leaching caused by heavy rainfall, which washes away nutrients. However, they are extensively used for making bricks in construction and support crops like cashew, tea, and coffee after proper manure application.
What are the major causes of soil erosion in India?
The major causes include deforestation, overgrazing, shifting cultivation, faulty farming techniques like ploughing up and down slopes, and heavy rainfall acting on unprotected land.
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