Class 11 Chemistry - BIHAR
Equilibrium
The Chapter 'Equilibrium' in Class 11 Chemistry explores reversible reactions where the rates of forward and backward reactions become equal. You will learn about chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium, acids, bases, salts, pH scale, buffer solutions, and the crucial Le Chatelier's Principle. For Bihar Board (BSEB) students, this chapter is extremely important as numerical problems on equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp) and pH calculations frequently appear in both objective and subjective sections of the annual examinations.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Dynamic Equilibrium
A state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction, and concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
Law of Chemical Equilibrium
States that at a given temperature, the product of concentrations of products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of reactant concentrations is a constant.
Le Chatelier's Principle
If a stress (change in temperature, pressure, or concentration) is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in a direction that tends to relieve that stress.
Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
The equilibrium established between unionized molecules and ions in solutions of weak electrolytes, governed by the ionization constant.
Buffer Solutions
Solutions that resist change in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base, commonly consisting of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Bihar (BSEB) Class 11 Chemistry examination, the Equilibrium chapter typically carries around 5 to 7 marks. Questions frequently include numerical problems on calculating Kc and Kp, derivation or statement of Le Chatelier's Principle, pH calculations of strong and weak acids, and short notes on buffer solutions or solubility product.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between Kc and Kp?
Kc is the equilibrium constant expressed in terms of molar concentrations, whereas Kp is expressed in terms of partial pressures of gases.
Why is chemical equilibrium called dynamic?
It is called dynamic because the reaction does not stop; both forward and backward reactions continue to take place at the same rate.
What does Le Chatelier's Principle predict?
It predicts how a system at equilibrium will shift its position to counteract any external changes in pressure, temperature, or concentration.
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