Class 11 Biology - TELANGANA
Plant Growth and Development
The chapter 'Plant Growth and Development' in Class 11 TSBSE Biology explores the irreversible permanent increase in size, differentiation of cells, and the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Students will learn about indeterminate growth, phases of plant growth, measurement of growth, and physiological effects of hormones. Understanding photoperiodism, vernalization, and seed dormancy is crucial for mastering plant physiology. This chapter holds high weightage in the Telangana State Board examinations, frequently featuring both conceptual and direct short-answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Plant Growth
An irreversible, permanent increase in size, volume, or weight of an organ or its parts, accompanied by metabolic processes requiring energy.
Phases of Growth
The three main phases of growth in a root or shoot tip are the meristematic phase, elongation phase, and maturation phase.
Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, and Redifferentiation
Differentiation is when cells mature to perform specific functions; dedifferentiation is when they regain the capacity to divide (like interfascicular cambium); redifferentiation is when dedifferentiated cells lose division capacity again to form specific tissues.
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
Small, simple molecules of diverse chemical composition (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, ABA) that regulate plant growth and development either synergistically or antagonistically.
Photoperiodism
The physiological response of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods (photoperiods) for flowering.
Vernalization
The dependence of flowering either quantitatively or qualitatively on low temperature exposure to prevent precocious reproductive development late in the growing season.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Telangana (TSBSE) Class 11 Biology board exams, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include 2-mark or 4-mark answers focusing on the physiological effects of plant growth regulators, differences between arithmetic and geometric growth, and short notes on photoperiodism or vernalization.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between indeterminate and determinate growth?
Indeterminate growth is the continuous capacity of plants to grow throughout their life due to meristems, whereas determinate growth stops after reaching a certain size, typical of leaves and flowers.
Are plant hormones considered growth promoters or inhibitors?
They can be either. Auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins are broadly considered growth promoters involved in cell division and elongation, while abscisic acid acts as a growth inhibitor, and ethylene can act as both depending on the context.
What role does ethylene play in plants?
Ethylene is a gaseous PGR that promotes fruit ripening, horizontal growth of seedlings, apical hook formation in dicot seedlings, and abscission of plant organs.
Learn Plant Growth and Development with Your AI Tutor
10 different ways to study this chapter. Free for 3 chapters per day.
Lecture
Key Points
Interactive
Quiz
Flashcards