Class 11 Biology - ODISHA
Biomolecules
The chapter Biomolecules in Class 11 Biology under the Odisha BSE board explores the chemical and metabolic basis of living organisms. Students will study the structural and functional roles of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as the vital role of water and minerals in protoplasm. A major focus is placed on enzymes, their classification, properties, and the factors affecting enzyme activity. This chapter forms the foundation of biochemistry and cell biology, carrying significant weight in board examinations through direct structural questions, metabolic pathway inquiries, and enzyme function problems.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Carbohydrates
Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones commonly known as sugars, serving as the primary source of energy in living organisms and classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Proteins
Complex heteropolymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, essential for structural support, transport, defense, and catalyzing biochemical reactions.
Lipids
Diverse group of water-insoluble organic molecules including fats, oils, and steroids that provide long-term energy storage and form cellular membranes.
Nucleic Acids
Polymers of nucleotides consisting of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group, responsible for storing and transmitting hereditary information (DNA and RNA).
Enzymes
Biological catalysts, mostly proteins, that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions and increase the rate of metabolic processes without being consumed.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Odisha BSE Class 11 Biology examination, the Biomolecules chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions frequently appear as short-answer questions on enzyme action, differences between DNA and RNA, structural classification of carbohydrates, and long-answer questions detailing protein structures or factors affecting enzyme activity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Reducing sugars have free aldehyde or ketone groups that can reduce copper or silver ions (e.g., glucose, fructose), whereas non-reducing sugars do not have free reactive groups because their carbonyl carbons are involved in glycosidic bonds (e.g., sucrose).
Reducing sugars can reduce Benedict's or Fehling's solution due to a free aldehyde or ketone group, while non-reducing sugars cannot because their reactive groups are bound in glycosidic linkages.
Why are proteins called heteropolymers?
Proteins are called heteropolymers because they are made up of more than one type of monomer, specifically 20 different kinds of amino acids linked together in various sequences.
How do competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
Competitive inhibitors closely resemble the substrate in shape and bind to the active site of the enzyme, blocking the actual substrate from entering and thus reducing the reaction rate, which can be overcome by adding more substrate.
Learn Biomolecules with Your AI Tutor
10 different ways to study this chapter. Free for 3 chapters per day.
Lecture
Key Points
Interactive
Quiz
Flashcards