Class 11 Biology - KERALA
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The chapter 'Cell Cycle and Cell Division' is a fundamental topic in Class 11 Biology under the Kerala SCERT syllabus. It explores how a single cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides to form two daughter cells. Students will learn about the phases of the cell cycle—Interphase and M-Phase (Mitosis)—as well as Meiosis, which is crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. Mastery of this chapter is essential for understanding genetics, growth, and development, making it a high-scoring and frequently tested area in both annual board exams and competitive entrance tests like NEET.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Cell Cycle
The ordered series of events involving cell growth and division that results in the formation of two new daughter cells, divided into Interphase and M-Phase.
Interphase
The resting or preparatory phase of the cell cycle, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division.
Mitosis
Equational division where a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number, consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis
Reductional division occurring in germ cells that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically distinct haploid gametes through Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Crossing Over
The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during pachytene of meiosis, leading to genetic recombination and variation.
G0 Phase (Quiescent Stage)
An inactive stage where cells exit the active cell cycle to temporarily or permanently stop dividing, remaining metabolically active.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Kerala (SCERT) Class 11 Biology examinations, this chapter typically carries around 6 to 8 marks. Questions frequently include direct descriptive questions on phases of mitosis and meiosis, distinguishing between mitosis and meiosis, and diagram-based questions identifying stages like anaphase or crossing over.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis is equational division producing two identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair, whereas meiosis is reductional division producing four genetically different haploid cells for sexual reproduction.
Why is meiosis called reductional division?
Because it reduces the chromosome number by half in the daughter cells, converting a diploid (2n) parent cell into haploid (n) cells.
What happens during the S phase of interphase?
DNA replication takes place, meaning the amount of DNA per cell doubles, though the chromosome number remains the same.
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