Class 11 Biology - ANDHRA-PRADESH
Plant Growth and Development
The chapter 'Plant Growth and Development' in Class 11 Biology explores the fascinating journey of how plants grow from a single cell into complex structures. Students learn about indeterminate growth, plant growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid), photoperiodism, vernalisation, and seed dormancy. Understanding these physiological processes is crucial for mastering plant physiology and scoring well in the Andhra Pradesh (BSEAP) board examinations, as questions frequently test both direct definitions and applied knowledge of plant hormones and development phases.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Plant Growth
Growth is an irreversible, permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts, accompanied by metabolic processes utilizing energy.
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
Small, simple molecules of diverse chemical composition (like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and ABA) that regulate plant growth and development.
Photoperiodism
The physiological reaction of plants to the length of day or night, categorized into short-day plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants.
Vernalisation
The dependence of certain plants on a low-temperature exposure to qualitatively or quantitatively promote flowering.
Seed Dormancy
A condition in which seeds fail to germinate even under favorable environmental conditions due to internal inhibitors or tough seed coats.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Andhra Pradesh (BSEAP) Class 11 Botany examinations, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Students can expect very short answer questions (VSAQ - 2 marks) on specific PGR functions or vernalisation, and short answer questions (SAQ - 4 marks) detailing differences between arithmetic and geometric growth or explaining plant growth regulators.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between arithmetic and geometric growth?
In arithmetic growth, only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates, resulting in linear growth. In geometric growth, both daughter cells retain the ability to divide, leading to an exponential increase in size.
Which plant hormone is known as the 'stress hormone'?
Abscisic acid (ABA) is called the stress hormone because it increases plant tolerance to various kinds of stress, particularly water stress, by causing stomatal closure.
What are SDPs and LDPs in photoperiodism?
SDPs stand for Short Day Plants, which flower when exposed to day lengths shorter than a critical period. LDPs stand for Long Day Plants, which require day lengths longer than a critical period to flower.
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