Class 10 Social Science - TAMILNADU
History: Nationalism – Gandhian Phase
The chapter 'Nationalism – Gandhian Phase' in Class 10 Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi Social Science explores the Indian freedom struggle from 1916 to 1947 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. It details the transition of the national movement into a mass struggle involving peasants, workers, and women. Key events covered include the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Round Table Conferences, and the Quit India Movement. It also highlights the contribution of Tamil Nadu to the freedom struggle, making it a high-scoring and crucial chapter for board exam preparation.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Rowlatt Act (1919)
A repressive act passed by the British allowing arrest without warrant and detention without trial, which sparked nationwide outrage and led to the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Non-Cooperation Movement
A mass movement launched by Gandhiji in 1920 urging Indians to boycott British goods, titles, schools, and law courts as a peaceful protest against British rule.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Started in 1930 with the historic Dandi March to break the unjust salt laws, symbolizing a total refusal to cooperate with the oppressive colonial government.
Quit India Movement (1942)
A final mass struggle launched with the slogan 'Do or Die' demanding an immediate end to British rule in India, paving the way for independence in 1947.
Role of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu's significant contribution through leaders like C. Rajagopalachari, who led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha, and Tiruppur Kumaran, who sacrificed his life for the flag.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Tamil Nadu (Samacheer Kalvi) Class 10 Social Science board exam, this chapter typically carries around 8 to 12 marks. Questions commonly appear as 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark short answers (e.g., about the Rowlatt Act or Dandi March), 5-mark detailed answers (e.g., Causes and impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement), and map-based questions marking key historical locations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement suspended?
Gandhiji suspended the movement in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, where a violent mob set fire to a police station, resulting in the death of 22 policemen, as he wanted the freedom struggle to remain strictly non-violent.
What was the significance of the Dandi March?
The Dandi March marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement in March-April 1930. Gandhiji walked 240 miles to the sea coast to make salt, defying the British salt tax and uniting Indians across the country.
What role did Tamil Nadu play in the Salt Satyagraha?
Inspired by the Dandi March, C. Rajagopalachari led a march from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam in Tanjore district to break the salt law, facing severe police repression and imprisonment.
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