Class 10 Social Science - KARNATAKA
History: The Age of Industrialisation
The chapter 'The Age of Industrialisation' explores how the industrial revolution began in Britain, the workshop of the world, and its impact on colonies like India. It covers the phase of proto-industrialisation before factories, the life of workers, the dominance of Indian textiles in global markets, and how British machine-made goods eventually destroyed Indian handloom industries. Students learn about the establishment of early factories in India, the role of Indian entrepreneurs, and the unique characteristics of industrial growth under colonial rule. This chapter is vital for SSLC exams as it tests analytical understanding of global economic history.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Proto-Industrialisation
A phase of industrial production before the factory system, where merchants in towns directed large-scale industrial production for an international market through a network of rural artisans.
Carding
A process in which cotton or wool fibers are prepared prior to spinning, often done using specialized cards to straighten the fibers.
Fly Shuttle
A mechanical device used for weaving, operated by ropes and pullways, which significantly increased the speed of handloom weavers and allowed the weaving of wide fabrics.
Gomasthas
Paid servants appointed by the East India Company to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth directly in Indian villages.
Jobber
A trusted old worker employed by industrialists to recruit new workers from his village, often demanding money and favors in return for jobs.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Karnataka SSLC (KSEEB) Social Science board examination, this chapter typically carries around 3 to 4 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark objective questions, matching types, or 2-3 mark descriptive questions focusing on the impact of British machine goods on Indian weavers and the role of Gomasthas.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did British industrialists prefer hand labor over machines in Victorian Britain?
In Victorian Britain, there was no shortage of human labor. Industrialists preferred manual labor because machines required large capital investment, were costly, and seasonal industries preferred flexible labor rather than buying expensive machines that remained idle part of the year.
How did the East India Company assert control over Indian weavers?
The Company eliminated competition, prevented weavers from dealing with other buyers by giving them advances, and appointed paid servants called Gomasthas to supervise weaving, collect supplies, and examine cloth quality.
What led to the decline of Indian textilers and handloom industries?
The influx of cheap, machine-made British cotton goods flooded the Indian market, combined with high import duties imposed by Britain on Indian textiles and the loss of traditional export markets.
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